The Institutions of Fair Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-237
Keyword(s):  
Fair Representation

scholarly journals Fair Representation in the European Parliament

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. BALINSKI ◽  
H. P. young
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Fair Representation

After Beryl Smalley: Thirty Years of Medieval Exegesis, 1984–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ocker ◽  
Kevin Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Fair Representation

AbstractThis essay surveys a generation of scholarship since the death of Beryl Smalley, pioneer in the study of the medieval reception of the bible, in 1984. We try to give a fair representation of work produced in English, French, German, and Italian over the last thirty years. We report on: 1) editions, tools, and translations, 2) surveys and synthetic treatments, 3) work on medieval biblical hermeneutics, 4) studies of periods and individuals, 5) thematic studies and studies of biblical books and pericopes across broad periods, and 6) comparative work on Muslim, Jewish, and Christian exegesis. We describe a rapidly growing quantity of knowledge and expanding perspectives on biblical interpretation in medieval culture. We conclude with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals A Graph-Based Approach for Mitigating Multi-Sided Exposure Bias in Recommender Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Masoud Mansoury ◽  
Himan Abdollahpouri ◽  
Mykola Pechenizkiy ◽  
Bamshad Mobasher ◽  
Robin Burke
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
System Level ◽  
End User ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Fair Representation ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Exposure

Fairness is a critical system-level objective in recommender systems that has been the subject of extensive recent research. A specific form of fairness is supplier exposure fairness, where the objective is to ensure equitable coverage of items across all suppliers in recommendations provided to users. This is especially important in multistakeholder recommendation scenarios where it may be important to optimize utilities not just for the end user but also for other stakeholders such as item sellers or producers who desire a fair representation of their items. This type of supplier fairness is sometimes accomplished by attempting to increase aggregate diversity to mitigate popularity bias and to improve the coverage of long-tail items in recommendations. In this article, we introduce FairMatch, a general graph-based algorithm that works as a post-processing approach after recommendation generation to improve exposure fairness for items and suppliers. The algorithm iteratively adds high-quality items that have low visibility or items from suppliers with low exposure to the users’ final recommendation lists. A comprehensive set of experiments on two datasets and comparison with state-of-the-art baselines show that FairMatch, although it significantly improves exposure fairness and aggregate diversity, maintains an acceptable level of relevance of the recommendations.

The US and Brokering Republican Moderation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Fair Representation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belfast Agreement ◽  
British State

This chapter argues that in order for moderation through institutional inclusion to take full hold, it was necessary for the US to act as a powerful external broker throughout the negotiations of the Belfast Agreement and during the consolidation of republican moderation. This brokering was short and targeted, not of relevance in the early stages of republican moderation and only mattered during the formal peace process phase and its implementation. The US provided a series of credible guarantees to republicans that their interests would be protected and given fair representation when entering a bargain with the more powerful British state. It also provided a series of incentives (funding, investment, access to powerful allies) and disincentives (the threat of removing the incentives, political marginalisation) that encouraged republicans to increase their engagement. This was important not only in persuading republicans to sign the Belfast Agreement in 1998 but also in persuading the IRA to eventually decommission its weapons some seven years later.

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