SPROUSE'S WHAT-YOU-MAY-CALL-ITS: FUNDAMENTAL INSIGHT OR MONUMENTAL MISTAKE?

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Basu ◽  
Gregory B. Waymire
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysts ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We critically evaluate Sprouse's 1966 Journal of Accountancy article, which prodded the FASB towards a balance-sheet approach. We highlight three errors in this article. First, Sprouse confuses necessary and sufficient conditions by arguing that good accounting systems must satisfy the balance-sheet equation. Second, Sprouse's insinuation that financial analysts rely on balance-sheet analysis is contradicted by contemporary and current security-analysis textbooks, analysts' written reports, and interviews with analysts. Third, and most crucially, Sprouse does not recognize that the primary role of accounting systems is to help managers discover and exploit profitable exchange opportunities, without which firms cannot survive.

Rado's theorem for polymatroids

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. H. McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Rank Function ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Matroid Theory ◽  
Continuous Analogue ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Transversal Theory

The theorem of R. Rado (12) to which I refer by the name ‘Rado's theorem for matroids’ gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of subsets of a finite set Y to have a transversal independent in a given matroid on Y. This theorem is of fundamental importance in both transversal theory and matroid theory (see, for example, (11)). In (3) J. Edmonds introduced and studied ‘polymatroids’ as a sort of continuous analogue of a matroid. I start this paper with a brief introduction to polymatroids, emphasizing the role of the ‘ground-set rank function’. The main result is an analogue for polymatroids of Rado's theorem for matroids, which I call not unnaturally ‘Rado's theorem for polymatroids’.

scholarly journals The Oscillation of a Class of the Fractional-Order Delay Differential Equations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qianli Lu ◽  
Feng Cen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Delay Differential Equations ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Several oscillation results are proposed including necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of fractional-order delay differential equations with constant coefficients, the sufficient or necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of fractional-order delay differential equations by analysis method, and the sufficient or necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of delay partial differential equation with three different boundary conditions. For this,α-exponential function which is a kind of functions that play the same role of the classical exponential functions of fractional-order derivatives is used.

scholarly journals Extensions of orthomorphisms

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Wickstead
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Riesz Space ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractWe consider, on an Archimedean Riesz space, the spaces of all linear operators lying between two multiples of the identity (for the order), those leaving all ideals invariant and the order bounded orthomorphisms. We find, if E is uniformly complete, necessary and sufficient conditions for all such operators defined on sublattices of E to extend to the whole of E. Examples are given to show the role of uniform completeness. For the space of all orthomorphisms we give a sufficient condition on E for such an extension to exist.

scholarly journals Oscillation of a class of differential equations with generalized phi-Laplacian

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Cecchi ◽  
Zuzana Došlá ◽  
Mauro Marini
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integral Type ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The oscillation of the nonlinear differential equationwhere Φ is an increasing odd homeomorphism, is considered when the weight b is not summable near infinity. We extend previous results, stated for equations with the classical p-Laplacian, by obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions of integral type for the oscillation. The role of the boundedness of Im Φ [Dom Φ] is analysed in detail. Our results includes the case Φ* ◦ F linear near zero or near infinity, where Φ* is the inverse of Φ. Several examples, concerning the curvature or relativity operator, illustrate our results.

ARTICLE 23 OF THE BRUSSELS I REGULATION: A COMPREHENSIVE CODE FOR JURISDICTION AGREEMENTS?

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Merrett
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Precise Role

AbstractArticle 23 of the Brussels I Regulation gives effect to exclusive jurisdiction agreements and also sets out certain requirements which must be satisfied in relation to such agreements. The precise role of these formality requirements, however, remains controversial. In particular, the extent to which Article 23 itself sets out an exclusive and comprehensive code is unclear. The purpose of this article is to argue that the requirements of Article 23 are both necessary and sufficient conditions for the material validity of jurisdiction agreements in Brussels I Regulation cases.

scholarly journals A fully basis invariant symmetry map of the 2HDM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel P. Bento ◽  
Rafael Boto ◽  
João P. Silva ◽  
Andreas Trautner
Keyword(s):  
Global Symmetries ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Higgs Doublet ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Basis Invariant ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for all global symmetries of the most general two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) scalar potential entirely in terms of reparametrization independent, i.e. basis invariant, objects. This culminates in what we call a “Symmetry Map” of the parameter space of the model and the fundamental insight that there are, in general, two algebraically distinct ways of how symmetries manifest themselves on basis invariant objects: either, basis invariant objects can be non-trivially related, or, basis covariant objects can vanish. These two options have different consequences on the resulting structure of the ring of basis invariants and on the number of remaining physical parameters. Alongside, we derive for the first time necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation in the 2HDM entirely in terms of CP-even quantities. This study lays the methodological foundation for analogous investigations of global symmetries in all other models that have unphysical freedom of reparametrization, most notably the Standard Model flavor sector.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

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