Musculoskeletal Problems in the Female Athlete

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Emily Edwards ◽  
Kimberly Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Pubic Ramus ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Musculoskeletal injuries in the female athlete are, for the most part, similar to those in the male athlete. However, there are differences in the incidence of these injuries and in the sports in which they tend to occur. Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete because of the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance that leads to detrimental effects on bone. In addition, female athletes have a higher rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than male athletes. Other musculoskeletal problems are also more common in females, such as multidirectional instability of the shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, and patellofemoral pain. Finally, as a function of greater participation by females in certain sports, such as dance and gymnastics, injuries specific to those sports are more common in females. This chapter addresses injuries that are seen commonly in the female athlete and reviews unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. Figures depict the management of stress fractures, a stress fracture of the inferior pubic ramus, the tension aspect of the femoral neck, stress fractures of the rib, multidirectional shoulder instability, adhesive capsulitis, spondylolysis, proper squat landing technique, and the female athlete triad. A table outlines the recommended intake of both calcium and vitamin D for bone health at various ages.This chapter contains 9 figures, 1 table, 59 references, and 5 Board-styled MCQs.

Musculoskeletal Problems In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Musculoskeletal injuries in the female athlete are, for the most part, similar to those in the male athlete. However, there are differences in the incidence of these injuries and in the sports in which they tend to occur. Female athletes have a higher rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than male athletes. Other musculoskeletal problems are also more common in females, such as multidirectional instability of the shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, and patellofemoral pain. This review addresses injuries that are seen commonly in female athletes and outlines current diagnosis and treatment options. This review contains 3 figures and 32 references Key words: ACL tear, adhesive capsulitis, atraumatic, female athlete, injection, knee, patellofemoral pain, shoulder

Musculoskeletal Problems in the Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Emily Edwards ◽  
Kimberly Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Musculoskeletal injuries in the female athlete are, for the most part, similar to those in the male athlete. However, there are differences in the incidence of these injuries and in the sports in which they tend to occur. Female athletes have a higher rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than male athletes. Other musculoskeletal problems are also more common in females, such as multidirectional instability of the shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, and patellofemoral pain. This review addresses injuries that are seen commonly in female athletes and outlines current diagnosis and treatment options. This review contains 3 figures and 32 references Key words: ACL tear, adhesive capsulitis, atraumatic, female athlete, injection, knee, patellofemoral pain, shoulder

Musculoskeletal Problems In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Musculoskeletal injuries in the female athlete are, for the most part, similar to those in the male athlete. However, there are differences in the incidence of these injuries and in the sports in which they tend to occur. Female athletes have a higher rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than male athletes. Other musculoskeletal problems are also more common in females, such as multidirectional instability of the shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, and patellofemoral pain. This review addresses injuries that are seen commonly in female athletes and outlines current diagnosis and treatment options. This review contains 3 figures and 32 references Key words: ACL tear, adhesive capsulitis, atraumatic, female athlete, injection, knee, patellofemoral pain, shoulder

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphisms in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Current Concepts Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110253
Author(s):  
Tayt M. Ellison ◽  
Ilexa Flagstaff ◽  
Anthony E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Postsurgical Outcomes

Background: Although most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in male athletes, female athletes are consistently observed to be at a higher risk for sports-specific ACL injury. Purpose: To provide a thorough review of what is known about the sexual dimorphisms in ACL injury to guide treatment and prevention strategies and future research. Study Design: Narrative review. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for ACL-related studies published between January 1982 and September 2017 to identify pertinent studies regarding ACL injury epidemiology, prevention strategies, treatment outcomes, and dimorphisms. By performing a broad ACL injury search, we initially identified 11,453 articles. After applying additional qualifiers, we retained articles if they were published in English after 1980 and focused on sex-specific differences in any of 8 different topics: sex-specific reporting, difference in sports, selective training, hormonal effects, genetics, neuromuscular and kinematic control, anatomic differences, and outcomes. Results: A total of 122 articles met the inclusion criteria. In sum, the literature review indicated that female athletes are at significantly higher risk for ACL injuries than are their male counterparts, but the exact reasons for this were not clear. Initial studies focused on intrinsic differences between the sexes, whereas recent studies have shifted to focus on extrinsic factors to explain the increased risk. It is likely both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to this increased risk, but further study is needed. In addition to female patients having an increased risk for ACL injuries, they are less likely than are male patients to undergo reconstructive surgery, and they experience worse postsurgical outcomes. Despite this, reconstructive surgery remains the gold standard when knee stability, return to sports, and high functional outcome scores are the goal, but further research is needed to determine why there is disparity in surgical rates and what surgical techniques optimize postsurgical outcomes for female patients. Conclusion: Male athletes often predominated the research concerning ACL injury and treatment, and although sex-specific reporting is progressing, it has historically been deficient. ACL injuries, prevention techniques, and ACL reconstruction require further research to maximize the health potential of at-risk female athletes.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Incidence in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652095961
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Bram ◽  
Lacey C. Magee ◽  
Nishank N. Mehta ◽  
Neeraj M. Patel ◽  
Theodore J. Ganley
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among adolescent athletes is steadily increasing. Identification of the highest risk sports for ACL injuries by sex and competitive setting (ie, practice vs match) is important for targeting injury prevention programs. Purpose: To identify the risk of ACL injuries in adolescent athletes by sport, sex, and setting across a variety of common US and international sports. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: Essentially, 3 online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for all studies of ACL injuries per athlete-exposure (AE) or hours of exposure in adolescent athletes. Injuries were then pooled and incidence rates (IRs) reported per 1000 AEs or hours of exposure, with the relative risk (RR) of injuries calculated for sex-comparable sports. IRs per competitive setting (match vs practice) were also calculated. Results: A total of 1235 ACL injuries over 17,824,251 AEs were identified (IR, 0.069 [95% CI, 0.065-0.074]), with 586 of these injuries in girls across 6,986,683 AEs (IR, 0.084 [95% CI, 0.077-0.091]) versus 649 injuries in boys over 10,837,568 AEs (IR, 0.060 [95% CI, 0.055-0.065]). Girls had a higher overall rate of ACL injuries (RR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.25-1.57]), with the most disproportionate risk observed in basketball (RR, 4.14 [95% CI, 2.98-5.76]). The risk of ACL injuries by sex was highest in girls’ soccer (IR, 0.166 [95% CI, 0.146-0.189]) and boys’ football (IR, 0.101 [95% CI, 0.092-0.111]). ACL injuries were over 8 (RR, 8.54 [95% CI, 6.46-11.30]) and 6 (RR, 6.85 [95% CI, 5.52-8.49]) times more likely to occur in a match versus a practice setting for female and male athletes, respectively. Conclusion: The risk of ACL injuries overall approached nearly 1 per 10,000 AEs for female athletes, who were almost 1.5 times as likely as male athletes to suffer an ACL injury across all adolescent sports. A multisport female athlete was estimated to have a nearly 10% risk of ACL injuries over her entire high school or secondary school career. Specifically, male and female adolescents playing soccer, basketball, lacrosse, and football appeared at particular risk of injuries, a finding that can be used to target an injury intervention.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Injury Incidence by Sex and Sport Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Montalvo ◽  
Daniel K. Schneider ◽  
Kate E. Webster ◽  
Laura Yut ◽  
Marc T. Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objective To evaluate sex differences in incidence rates (IRs) of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury by sport type (collision, contact, limited contact, and noncontact). Data Sources A systematic review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed (1969–January 20, 2017) and EBSCOhost (CINAHL, SPORTDiscus; 1969–January 20, 2017) and the search terms anterior cruciate ligament AND injury AND (incidence OR prevalence OR epidemiology). Study Selection Studies were included if they provided the number of ACL injuries and the number of athlete-exposures (AEs) by sex or enough information to allow the number of ACL injuries by sex to be calculated. Studies were excluded if they were analyses of previously reported data or were not written in English. Data Extraction Data on sport classification, number of ACL injuries by sex, person-time in AEs for each sex, year of publication, sport, sport type, and level of play were extracted for analysis. Data Synthesis We conducted IR and IR ratio (IRR) meta-analyses, weighted for study size and calculated. Female and male athletes had similar ACL injury IRs for the following sport types: collision (2.10/10 000 versus 1.12/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.14, P = .63), limited contact (0.71/10 000 versus 0.29/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.21, P = .77), and noncontact (0.36/10 000 versus 0.21/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.49, P = .22) sports. For contact sports, female athletes had a greater risk of injury than male athletes did (1.88/10 000 versus 0.87/10 000 AEs, IRR = 3.00, P < .001). Gymnastics and obstacle-course races were outliers with respect to IR, so we created a sport category of fixed-object, high-impact rotational landing (HIRL). For this sport type, female athletes had a greater risk of ACL injury than male athletes did (4.80/10 000 versus 1.75/10 000 AEs, IRR = 5.51, P < .001), and the overall IRs of ACL injury were greater than all IRs in all other sport categories. Conclusions Fixed-object HIRL sports had the highest IRs of ACL injury for both sexes. Female athletes were at greater risk of ACL injury than male athletes in contact and fixed-object HIRL sports.

Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture

Stress Fractures And The Reproductive System In The Female Athlete

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan M Asif ◽  
Kimberly Harmon ◽  
Mallory Shasteen
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Stress fractures are more common in the female athlete. Stress fractures of the pubic ramus and femoral neck are particularly more common in females than in males. Rib stress fractures are an important injury to consider in the female rower, whereas spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in female athletes who hyperextend their spines. The higher incidence of stress fractures in females is mainly due to the higher prevalence of disordered eating and subsequent energy imbalance, which leads to detrimental effects on bone. This review discusses stress fractures and unique issues related to exercise and the female reproductive system. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 49 references Key words: amenorrhea, bone mineral density, disordered eating, female athlete triad, femoral neck, pregnancy, pubic ramus, rib, spondylolysis, stress fracture

Assessing Laxity Characteristics of Hyperextension Knee in Healthy Young Females Using a Knee Ligament Arthrometer

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Chen Lin ◽  
Weng-Hang Lai ◽  
Chia-Ming Chang ◽  
Horng-Chaung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Knee Ligament ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Anterior Knee Laxity ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Anterior Knee

Female athletes are more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes. Previous study has showed that female individuals had larger anterior knee laxity than their male counterparts [1]. Researchers have also reported that knee laxity and hyperextension knee were a possible factor contributing to ACL injury [2]. Loudon showed that a person with hyperextension knee, either healthy or ACL-injured, had poorer proprioceptive control. Even more, ACL-injured subjects with hyperextension knee demonstrated a declined function of proprioception feedback loop and the ability to initiate protective reflexes [3].

Lower Extremity Biomechanical Differences Between Female Dancers and Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Hayley M. Ericksen ◽  
Rachele E. Vogelpohl
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Modern Dancers

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes is common. Team sport athletes experience more ACL injuries than ballet and modern dancers. Examining biomechanical differences between these two groups may help to explain the discrepancy in ACL injury rates. The purpose of this study was to examine lower extremity kinematic differences between collegiate dancers and National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I soccer athletes during a rebound jump-landing task. Peak hip, knee, and ankle kinematics were collected during a jump-landing task. Results showed more knee flexion and less ankle eversion in the dancers compared to the soccer athletes. Differences in training and strategies used during landing may explain the kinematic differences between groups.

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