scholarly journals Evaluation of Radiopacity of Bulk-fill Flowable Composites Using Digital Radiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Tarcin ◽  
B Gumru ◽  
S Peker ◽  
HS Ovecoglu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Standard Specimens ◽  
Phosphor Plate ◽  
International Standards Organization ◽  
Flowable Composites ◽  
Gray Values

SUMMARY New flowable composites that may be bulk-filled in layers up to 4 mm are indicated as a base beneath posterior composite restorations. Sufficient radiopacity is one of the several important requirements such materials should meet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of bulk-fill flowable composites and to provide a comparison with conventional flowable composites using digital imaging. Ten standard specimens (5 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) were prepared from each of four different bulk-fill flowable composites and nine different conventional flowable composites. Radiographs of the specimens were taken together with 1-mm-thick tooth slices and an aluminum step wedge using a digital imaging system. For the radiographic exposures, a storage phosphor plate and a dental x-ray unit at 70 kVp and 8 mA were used. The object-to-focus distance was 30 cm, and the exposure time was 0.2 seconds. The gray values of the materials were measured using the histogram function of the software available with the system, and radiopacity was calculated as the equivalent thickness of aluminum. The data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). All of the tested bulk-fill flowable composites showed significantly higher radiopacity values in comparison with those of enamel, dentin, and most of the conventional flowable composites (p<0.05). Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer) provided the highest radiopacity value, whereas Arabesk Flow (Voco) showed the lowest. The order of the radiopacity values for the bulk-fill flowable composites was as follows: Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer) ≥ X-tra Base (Voco) > SDR (Dentsply DeTrey) ≥ Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE). To conclude, the bulk-fill flowable restorative materials, which were tested in this study using digital radiography, met the minimum standard of radiopacity specified by the International Standards Organization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of conventional and digital radiography capacities for distinguishing dental materials on radiograms depending on the present radiopacifying agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Antonijevic ◽  
Dragan Ilic ◽  
Vesna Medic ◽  
Slobodan Dodic ◽  
Kosovka Obradovic-Djuricic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Bacgroun/Aim. The radiopacity of an endodontic material can considerably vary as measured on film and a digital sensor. Digital radiography offers numerous advantages over convential film-based radiography in dental clinical practice regarding both diagnostic capabilities and postintervention procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of conventional and charge-conpled device (CCD) based digital radiography to detect material on radiograph depending on the radio-pacifying agent present in the material. Methods. Experimental cements were formulated by mixing Portland cement with the following radiopacifying agents: zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), barium sulphate (BaSO4), iodoform (CHI3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and ytterbium trifluoride (YbF3). In addition, 5 endodontic materials comprising Endomethasone?, Diaket?, N2?, Roth 801? and Acroseal? were investigated to serve as control. Per three specimens of each material were radiographed alongside an aluminum step wedge on film (Eastman Kodak Company?, Rochester, NY) and a CCD-based digital sensor (Trophy Radiologie?, Cedex, France). Radiopacity values were calculated by converting the radiographic densities of the specimens expressed as a mean optical densities or mean grey scale values into equivalent thickness of aluminum. Results. Twoway ANOVA detected no significant differences with respect to the imaging system (p > 0.05), but the differences were significant with respect to radiopacifier (p < 0.001) and the interaction of the two factors (p < 0.05). Paired ttest revealed significant differences between the methods used for pure Portland cement, all concentrations of BaSO4 and CHI3, 10% and 20% additions of ZrO2 and Bi2O3 and 10% and 30% addition of YbF3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The materials which incorporate CHI3 or BaSO4 as radiopacifying agents are expected to be significantly more radiopaque on a digital sensor than on film. During clinical practice one should concern to the quality of contrast assessement obtained by digital according to conventional radiography.

ISO Human-Computer Interaction Standards: Finding Them and What They Contain

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Paul Green
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human System ◽  
International Standards Organization ◽  
Browsing Tool ◽  
Computer Interaction

An HFES Task Force is considering if, when, and which, HFES research publications should require the citation of relevant standards, policies, and practices to help translate research into practice. To support the Task Force activities, papers and reports are being written about how to find relevant standards produced by various organizations (e.g., the International Standards Organization, ISO) and the content of those standards. This paper describes the human-computer interaction standards being produced by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (Information Technology). Subcommittees 7 (Software and Systems Engineering) and 35 (User Interfaces), and Technical Committee 159, Subcommittee 4 (Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction), in particular, the contents of the ISO 9241 series and the ISO 2506x series. Also included are instructions on how to find standards using the ISO Browsing Tool and Technical Committee listings, and references to other materials on finding standards and standards-related teaching materials.

scholarly journals Radiopacity of restorative materials using digital images

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leda Maria Pescinini Salzedas ◽  
Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada ◽  
Antonio Braz de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Material ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Phosphor Plate ◽  
The Mean

The radiopacity of esthetic restorative materials has been established as an important requirement, improving the radiographic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of six restorative materials using a direct digital image system, comparing them to the dental tissues (enamel-dentin), expressed as equivalent thickness of aluminum (millimeters of aluminum). Five specimens of each material were made. Three 2-mm thick longitudinal sections were cut from an intact extracted permanent molar tooth (including enamel and dentin). An aluminum step wedge with 9 steps was used. The samples of different materials were placed on a phosphor plate together with a tooth section, aluminum step wedge and metal code letter, and were exposed using a dental x-ray unit. Five measurements of radiographic density were obtained from each image of each item assessed (restorative material, enamel, dentin, each step of the aluminum step wedge) and the mean of these values was calculated. Radiopacity values were subsequently calculated as equivalents of aluminum thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in radiopacity values among the materials (P<0.0001). The radiopacity values of the restorative materials evaluated were, in decreasing order: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Only Luxat had significantly lower radiopacity values than dentin. One material (Degufill) had similar radiopacity values to enamel and four (TPH, F2000, Synergy and Prisma Flow) had significantly higher radiopacity values than enamel. In conclusion, to assess the adequacy of posterior composite restorations it is important that the restorative material to be used has enough radiopacity, in order to be easily distinguished from the tooth structure in the radiographic image. Knowledge on the radiopacity of different materials helps professionals to select the most suitable material, along with other properties such as biocompatibility, adhesion and esthetic.

scholarly journals Analysis of the reproducibility of the gray values and noise of a direct digital radiography system

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lupion POLETI ◽  
Thais Maria Freire FERNANDES ◽  
Renata Cordeiro TEIXEIRA ◽  
Ana Lúcia Alvares CAPELOZZA ◽  
Izabel Regina Fischer RUBIRA-BULLEN
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Digital Radiography System ◽  
Radiography System ◽  
Gray Values

scholarly journals The Noise Level Measurements of Children’s Sound Books

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Seok-Hee Joo ◽  
Eun-Yeong Shin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
International Standards Organization

Purpose: It was intended to measure the sound intensity of children's sound books and to compare them with the standards of Korea and the International Standards Organization (ISO).Methods: The loudness of 15 children’s sound books was measured at a distance of 25 cm (child’s arm length), and 2.5 cm length of external auditory canal. Measurements taken three times with each book were performed, and the overall sound intensity of the sound books and the sound intensity of each button were measured and compared.Results: Compared with the Korean standard, all the buttons of all books exceeded the standard for the sound volume of the children’s book measured at a distance of 2.5 cm. When comparing the maximum sound intensity measured at a distance of 25 cm with 85 LAmax, a total of 168 buttons of these, 25 (14.88%) were recorded as exceeding the maximum loudness. According to the standards of the ISO, all buttons in all books were below the standard 85 LAeq.Conclusion: Several children’s books are loud enough to cause noise-induced hearing loss, especially when they are placed close to the ear. Strict standards for sound children’s books are required, and it is important to put a warning on the cover of the book. It is expected that the sound intensity of the children’s sound book presented in this study can be referenced when referring to the loudness during hearing rehabilitation in children.

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