BRAZILIAN OIL PIONEERS

In the Brazilian popular imagination, the discovery of oil was announced on August 9, 1938, by the Viscount of Corncob. The Donabentense Oil Company drilled Caraminguá’s first well, near the creek that passed through the Yellow Woodpecker Ranch (“Sítio do Picapau Amarelo,” in colloquial Portuguese). The latter was the name of a famous Brazilian children’s book. In fact, the first oil well flowed in Salvador, Bahia, on January 21, 1939, discovered by Manoel Ignácio Bastos (1891 - 1940), a Brazilian geographer engineer, whose business partner, Oscar Salvador Cordeiro (1890 - 1970), was the president of the Bahia Commodities Exchange. A brief analysis of documents, such as reports, Brazilian decrees and executive orders, as well as newspapers, detail the actions of these Brazilian oil pioneers. Statistical data analysis was also performed about onshore and offshore oil production between 1941 and 2019, as a part of Bastos and Cordeiros’ heritage.

Hur skapas en rebelltjej på svenska?

What’s a Rebel Girl in Swedish? On the Translation of Elena Favilli and Francesca Cavallo’s Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls Abstract: This article investigates the translation of Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls: 100 Tales of Extraordinary Women, a children’s book written and published by Elena Favilli and Francesca Cavallo in 2016. Within the framework of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies and Katharina Reiss’ text typology, the study focuses on the Swedish translation Godnattsagor för rebelltjejer: 100 berättelser om fantastiska kvinnor from 2017, including comparisons with the Danish, French, and Norwegian translations, with a view to discover the differences between the text versions. Analysis shows that the Swedish translation is less source-text dependent than the other translations, downplaying the fairytalization of the stories and tending to strengthen the informative component of the text. Poetic language and metaphors are less apparent in the Swedish translation, while hedging, explicitation as well as specification of time, place and chronology contribute to making the text more factual. A further finding is that more adult language is used in the Swedish translation. The article ends by summarizing the main findings and discussing a few explanations for the adaptation of the Swedish translation with regard to its target language context.

The Therapeutic Benefits of Children’s Literature: Responding Through Making Art and Writing Stories

This study explores the use of a children's book followed by the application of the Draw A Story (DAS) art therapy assessment tool by Rawley Silver (1988). The study takes place in three elementary school classrooms located in the greater Bay Area region. Previous literature addresses the historical uses of children’s books and their potential to offer therapeutic benefit to young readers. Through a quasi-experimental, one-group posttest only design, eighteen second to third grade level students were asked to reflect on a children’s book by writing a story of their own. Participants were between the ages of seven and nine, and all attended the same school. After choosing two DAS provided stimulus cards, participants drew images including the two cards and explained their images through a story with them in it as the main character. Quantitative data was collected and scored based on the three DAS scoring scales: Scale for Assessing Emotional Content, Scale for Assessing Self-Image, and Scale for Assessing Use of Humor. Results were categorized as expressing more positively themed, neutral themed or negatively themed content in the artwork and description of the story. Themes were compared to the themes presented in the children's book to assess for similarities. It was concluded that 64% of participants appeared to identify with a drawn subject who had a positive or aggressive self-image, with 28% presenting more negative or dark humor in emotional content. No significant findings were made in the similarities of the participants’ artwork and story to the themes in the children's book. Future research should inquire for direct examination of students’ art and stories made in response to a children's book without any additional stimulus card or assessment.

Illustration Festivals and Book Fairs in the Development of Ukrainian Illustration as a Sector of Creative Industries

The purpose of the article is to clarify the meaning and functions of illustration festivals and book fairs from a socio-cultural perspective, as well as to determine and summarize the level of Ukrainian illustration’s representation in the international space through participation in such events. Research methodology. Empirical method, method of analysis and synthesis were applied. Journalistic materials on international events containing locations for the presentation of illustrative works and professional communication between illustrators were subject to analysis. Scientific novelty. The article considers the theoretical aspects’ importance of professional exhibitions of illustrators at international book fairs, competitions and festivals in the field of illustration for the development of this sector of creative industries. It is determined that these events are a powerful socio-cultural phenomenon and an effective platform for social communication between the main players in the sector. The events also perform a compensatory and motivating function for both professional environments and ordinary viewers of illustration, and their festivity and positive public response increase the illustration importance as a creative industries’ sector among the population. Also, for the first time, the article synthesizes factual data on the awards and prizes of Ukrainian illustrators, which exist in separate news publications, in the chronology of each event. It turned out that the most attractive for the participation of Ukrainian illustrators is The Illustrators Exhibition – Bologna Children’s Book Fair, as the chronology of achievements at this event is the longest and largest. The most successful illustrators in terms of international awards are Romana Romanyshyn and Andriy Lesiv («Agrafka»creative workshop). Conclusions. Over the last decade, Ukrainian illustration has been actively asserting itself internationally. The works created in 2010 correspond to world trends and attract the attention of foreign colleagues, publishers and critics. In recent years, the promotion and PR of illustrators have reached a much higher level, which increases the publicity of Ukraine’s achievements and strengthens the prestige of the sector in the public. The constant worldwide recognition of a narrow circle of Ukrainian illustrators in the presence of many talented authors raises the question of forming a culture of Ukrainian illustrators’ professional ambitions, when presenting themselves in international competitions and festivals, submitting their work should be understood as part of professional activity. The presentation of Ukrainian illustration in such events can be interpreted as a tool of cultural diplomacy of Ukraine in the international space.

Att skildra feta kroppar

Depicting Fat Bodies: Wimmelbook Logic and Fat Temporality in Kristin Roskifte’s Everybody Counts In this article we analyze how fat bodies are written into Kristin Roskifte’s picturebook Alle sammen teller ('Everybody counts', 2018). The book strives to depict a diversity of bodies and unlike contemporary Nordic picturebooks in general, fat bodies are included. Alle sammen teller is a wimmelbook built around the concept of counting people and the book’s form is central to our analysis. The wimmelbook structure entails a reading act where linearity and chronology are broken, creating particular effects in relation to the depiction of fat bodies. Introducing the queer theoretical concept fat temporality in Swedish children’s book research, we analyze how manifestations of fat express temporality in Roskifte’s picturebook. The analysis shows that fat bodies within the wimmelbook logic encompass fat temporality which in turn serves a body positivistic purpose. The book thus goes against traditional notions of fat and time, resulting in a multifaceted depic-tion of fat bodies. However, the stigma of fat prevails in the thin normativity expressed in the depictions of children’s bodies.

Black, White, Colourful, Gray: Visual Effects in the Children’s Book Mimi & Liza

The study presents the reader with an intermedial interpretation of the storybook Mimi & Liza written by Katarína Kerekesová – Katarína Moláková – Alexandra Salmela (2013). The storybook follows the story of the friendship of two little girls, Mimi, who sees the world proliferating in mad colours, and the blind Liza, who is immersed in inner seeing. The two girls are presented as each other’s opposites through the semiotics of two counterpointing colour schemes. The analysis is based on Mitchell’s conception of media (Mitchell, 1994), that is, it sets out by acknowledging the intermedial state of the culture of children’s books, and then it follows the unfolding of the visual elements up through the investigation of expressive visual effects created by the text’s rhetoric. The visualization happening with the help of language is the condition of the common worldview of the blind and seeing characters as well as the guiding principle and goal of the volume; therefore besides the visual representation characteristic of children’s books, an emphasized role is given to the validation of the ekphrastic perspective in the analyzed work. The ekphrases of the text are presented as intermedial references (Rajewsky, 2010) based on Irina O. Rajewsky’s interpretation of intermediality. A unique feature of the interpretation is that the ekphrases of the volume read as sort of imaginary/imagination ekphrases which create the special, children’s book version of ekphrasis. It is characteristic for this imagination ekphrases that the order of the imaginary image and its linguistic description create an undecidable symbiosis. These images, however, can also be interpreted as inverted ekphrases, since they function not merely as descriptions of imagination ekphrases, but also as the visual world representations of linguistic imagination. Through several examples the study introduces and analyzes the mechanisms of the visualization happening with the help of language as well as the scenery painted with words.

Paving the Way for Ageist Attitudes through Children’s Books

Older adults are underrepresented and rarely appear in major roles in children’s literature. According to developmental intergroup theory, numerically smaller groups are likely to become targets of stereotypes and prejudice. Because parental ageist attitudes are related to those of their children, and parents typically choose their children’s literature, we investigated parental preferences for books featuring older and younger adults and what factors might predict this preference. In an online survey, 176 parents of children aged 12 or younger rated children’s book covers featuring a child and a prominent younger or older adult. There were two identical versions of each book cover on which only the age of the adult varied. Each respondent viewed covers featuring older and younger adults, but only saw one version of each cover (i.e., counterbalanced design). Parents indicated their preference for the books by stating how much they and their children would like the book and how likely they would be to buy it. Stereotypical expectations regarding the books’ storylines were rated on a semantic differential scale (e.g., modern vs. old-fashioned). Results revealed that there were no significant differences in preferences for books featuring younger, compared to older adults. However, a stronger difference in preference for books featuring younger, over older adults was predicted by the extent of stereotypical expectations regarding the storylines. In particular, this preference was stronger in parents who expected stories with older adults to conform to prevailing ageist stereotypes, suggesting that ageist expectations may deter some parents from books featuring older adults.

The Evolvement of the Israeli Grandmother – As Reflected in Children’s Book Illustrations

Gender and ageism as mirrored in illustrations of grandmothers in Hebrew children’s books (1930-2020), shed light on the Israeli reality, which shows the world’s portrayal of grandmothers as sometimes empowering and sometimes discriminatory. This article draws from the fields of the visual arts, gender studies, sociology, and culture, and emphasizes the power of illustration in children’s literature as an activistic tool for changing social and familial awareness among young receivers. The grandmother (and, recently, also the grandfather) is a popular character in children’s literature. The article will present models which shape the consciousness of children’s book illustrators regarding old age with the aid of many visual examples. This article will enable deeper understanding of the gender-based messages and effects of visual interpretation. This study can serve as a tool for educators and parents, to help children develop critical, independent, and value-based thinking. The article concludes that in today’s books, grandmothers appear more connected to advanced technology than ever. The illustrators of today’s children’s books connect with the model of the new grandmother and draw her wearing jeans and without wrinkles. In parallel, we also see traditionally-portrayed grandmothers in certain illustrations in recent books, from a post-feminist, rather than stereotypical, approach.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris Melalui Pelatihan Daring dengan Media Buku Anak Dwibahasa

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini bertujuan mengukur peningkatan kemampuan bahasa Inggris dan pembentukan karakter moral “amanah” siswa melalui buku cerita anak dwibahasa seri 2 yang berjudul “Aisyah and Ahmad: Being Trustworthy” yang dibuat oleh tim dosen pengabdi. Sasaran dari program ini adalah siswa kelas 5 SD Muhammadiyah Ambarketawang 1 yang berjumlah 33 orang. Program dilakukan selama 4 pertemuan secara daring melalui Grup WhatsApp kelas dan video pembelajaran karena sekolah menerapkan pembelajaran dari rumah karena adanya kebijakan sekolah terkait wabah Covid-19. Dengan menggunakan tes kosakata bahasa Inggris yang dikembangkan oleh tim dosen pengabdi, kemampuan bahasa Inggris diukur saat sebelum diberikan pelatihan dan setelah pelatihan berakhir. Hasil dari pretest dan posttest menujukkan adanya peningkatan nilai tes kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa sebanyak 0,32. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya sedikit peningkatan dalam kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa kelas 5. Selain itu, siswa juga dapat menunjukkan pesan moral dari cerita yang minitikberatkan pentingnya menjaga amanah.Kata Kunci: amanah, buku cerita anak dwibahasa, pendidikan karakter, pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Improving English Language Skills Through Online Training with Bilingual Children's Book Media ABSTRACTOur community development program aimed at developing elementary school students’ English competence while also promoting the character-building values of being amanah by utilizing a bilingual book, “Aisyah and Ahmad: Being Trustworthy”. This second book of Aisyah Ahmad series was developed by the two authors. The participants of the program were 33 fifth graders of SD Muhammadiyah Ambarketawang 1. Due to the current Study from Home policy during the Covid-19 pandemic, the program was conducted online in four meetings on class Whatsapp group. The meetings included videos, question and answer sessions and assignments. Pre-test and post test on students’ vocabulary development were done to measure the effectiveness of the program. The result indicated an improvement on students’ vocabulary development with the score of 0.32. Additionally, the students’ performance as a part of the assignment indicated that the moral value of trustworthiness was grasped and learned by the participants. Kata Kunci: trustworthiness, bilingual story book, character-building, English