Preface: Evolution of the early solar system: Presolar cosmochemical fingerprints and the formation of watery rocky planets

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Usui ◽  
Audrey Bouvier ◽  
Justin I. Simon ◽  
Noriko Kita
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Rocky Planets

scholarly journals Olivine-rich achondrites from Vesta and the missing mantle problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Vaci ◽  
James M. D. Day ◽  
Marine Paquet ◽  
Karen Ziegler ◽  
Qing-Zhu Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
Remote Observation ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Rocky Planets

AbstractMantles of rocky planets are dominantly composed of olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, according to seismic data of Earth’s interior, the mineralogy of natural samples, and modelling results. The missing mantle problem represents the paucity of olivine-rich material among meteorite samples and remote observation of asteroids, given how common differentiated planetesimals were in the early Solar System. Here we report the discovery of new olivine-rich meteorites that have asteroidal origins and are related to V-type asteroids or vestoids. Northwest Africa 12217, 12319, and 12562 are dunites and lherzolite cumulates that have siderophile element abundances consistent with origins on highly differentiated asteroidal bodies that experienced core formation, and with trace element and oxygen and chromium isotopic compositions associated with the howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites. These meteorites represent a step towards the end of the shortage of olivine-rich material, allowing for full examination of differentiation processes acting on planetesimals in the earliest epoch of the Solar System.

Laboratory and in-situ analysis of comet dust

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
A.L. Albee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Comet Dust

Comets are primitive, kilometer-sized bodies that formed in the outer regions of the solar system. Composed of ice and dust, comets are generally believed to be relic building blocks of the outer solar system that have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures since the formation of the Sun and planets. The analysis of cometary material is particularly important because the properties of cometary material provide direct information on the processes and environments that formed and influenced solid matter both in the early solar system and in the interstellar environments that preceded it.The first direct analyses of proven comet dust were made during the Soviet and European spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley in 1986. These missions carried time-of-flight mass spectrometers that measured mass spectra of individual micron and smaller particles. The Halley measurements were semi-quantitative but they showed that comet dust is a complex fine-grained mixture of silicates and organic material. A full understanding of comet dust will require detailed morphological, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis at the finest possible scale. Electron microscopy and related microbeam techniques will play key roles in the analysis. The present and future of electron microscopy of comet samples involves laboratory study of micrometeorites collected in the stratosphere, in-situ SEM analysis of particles collected at a comet and laboratory study of samples collected from a comet and returned to the Earth for detailed study.

A nearby neutron-star merger explains the actinide abundances in the early Solar System

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 569 (7754) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Bartos ◽  
Szabolcs Marka
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Early Solar System

OSIRIS-REx at Bennu: Overcoming challenges to collect a sample of the early Solar System

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-194
Author(s):  
Dante S. Lauretta ◽  
Heather L. Enos ◽  
Anjani T. Polit ◽  
Heather L. Roper ◽  
Catherine W.V. Wolner
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Early Solar System

Exchange Frequency of Oxygen Isotope Reservoirs in The Early Solar System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Itoh ◽  
H. Yurimoto ◽  
Takuma Suda ◽  
Takaya Nozawa ◽  
Akira Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Exchange Frequency

Diffusive fractionation of carbon isotopes in γ-Fe: Experiment, models and implications for early solar system processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mueller ◽  
E. Bruce Watson ◽  
Dustin Trail ◽  
Michael Wiedenbeck ◽  
James Van Orman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Early Solar System

Early solar system chronometry and the 26Al–26Mg clock

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (18) ◽  
pp. A29
Author(s):  
J.A. Baker ◽  
M. Bizzarro
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Early Solar System

scholarly journals Short-lived nuclei in the early Solar System: Possible AGB sources

2006 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 5-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Wasserburg ◽  
M. Busso ◽  
R. Gallino ◽  
K.M. Nollett
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Early Solar System

scholarly journals Synthesis of 13C-enriched amino acids with 13C-depleted insoluble organic matter in a formose-type reaction in the early solar system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. eabd3575
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Furukawa ◽  
Yoshinari Iwasa ◽  
Yoshito Chikaraishi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Type Reaction ◽  
Insoluble Organic Matter

Solvent-soluble organic matter (SOM) in meteorites, which includes life’s building molecules, is suspected to originate from the cold region of the early solar system, on the basis of 13C enrichment in the molecules. Here, we demonstrate that the isotopic characteristics are reproducible in amino acid synthesis associated with a formose-type reaction in a heated aqueous solution. Both thermochemically driven formose-type reaction and photochemically driven formose-type reaction likely occurred in asteroids and ice-dust grains in the early solar system. Thus, the present results suggest that the formation of 13C-enriched SOM was not specific to the cold outer protosolar disk or the molecular cloud but occurred more widely in the early solar system.

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