scholarly journals The response of the local geomagnetic field to geodynamic processes during the preparation of the 1988 Spitak earthquake

Author(s):  
А.Г. Григорян ◽  
Д.А. Лиходеев

Актуальность работы. Изучение изменений локального геомагнитного поля с целью выявления предвестников сильных землетрясений, особенно в сейсмоактивных регионах, где расположены большие города и объекты особо важного значения (АЭС, водохранилище и т.п.) остается одной из главных задач современной науки. В разных странах мира, используя магнитометрические методы, проводятся исследования по поиску предвестников сильных землетрясений. Цель. Однако, за первую половину XX века, несмотря на отдельные попытки ученых Японии и других стран, серьезных результатов достичь не удалось. Установлено, что с развитием геодинамических процессов в земной коре, особенно при подготовке сильных землетрясений, происходят изменения в магнитных свойствах горных пород (электропроводности, диэлектрической и магнитной проницаемости). Геомагнитные вариации, создаваемые внешним источником, несут в себе важную информацию об изменениях в физических свойствах в земной коры и верхней мантии, а так же позволяют оценить эти изменения. Методы. Представлена методика, которая позволяет с помощью изучения вариаций локального геомагнитного поля, создаваемых внешним источником, выявить изменения в электропроводности на разных глубинах земной коры и верхней мантии, связанные с развитием геодинамических процессов. С этой целью использован расчетный параметр N(A), который является отношением амплитуд вариаций геомагнитного поля внешнего происхождения, измеренных синхронно на разных парах станций. Изучены вариации с периодами 1025, 3060 минут и Sq-вариации. Метод применяется в низкоширотных областях Земли, где вариации переменного геомагнитного поля хорошо выделяются. Результаты. Используя предлагаемую методику, на территории Армении были выявлены аномальные изменения локального отклика геомагнитного поля перед Парванийским 1986 г. (М5,4) и Спитакским 1988 г. (М7,0) землетрясениями. Предполагается, что причинами изменений в физических свойств геологической среды в частности электропроводности, являются дегазация Земли и вертикальная фильтрация флюидов в верхние слои земной коры Relevance. The study of local geomagnetic field changes in order to identify harbingers of strong earthquakes, especially in seismically active regions where large cities and especially important objects (nuclear power plants, a storage reservoir, etc.) are located remains one of the main tasks of modern science. In different countries studies are being conducted to search for precursors of strong earthquakes, using magnetometric methods. Aim. However, for the first half of the 20th century, despite some attempts by scientists from Japan and other countries, no serious results were obtained. It has been established that with the progress of geodynamic processes in the earths crust, especially during the preparation of strong earthquakes, changes in the magnetic properties of rocks (electrical conductivity, dielectric and magnetic permeability) occur. However, geomagnetic variations created by an external source carry important information about changes in physical properties, in particular, electrical conductivity in the earths crust to the upper mantle, and make it possible to evaluate these changes. Methods. A technique that allows to identify changes in electrical conductivity at different depths of the earths crust and upper mantle associated with the development of the geodynamic process, using the study of local geomagnetic field variations created by an external source, is presented. For this purpose, parameter N(A), which is the ratio of the amplitudes of variations of the geomagnetic field of external origin, measured synchronously at different pairs of stations, was used. Variations with periods of 10-25, 30-60 minutes and Sq-variations were studied. The method is used in low latitude areas of the Earth, where variations of the variable geomagnetic field stand out well. Results. Anomalous changes in the local geomagnetic field were revealed in Armenia before the Parvania 1986 (M 5.4) and Spitak 1988 (M 7.0) earthquakes, using the proposed methodology. It is assumed that the causes of changes in the physical properties of the geological environment, in particular, electrical conductivity, are most likely to be the degassing of the Earth and the vertical filtration of fluids into the upper layers of the earths crust

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451
Author(s):  
R. D. Adams

abstract Early reflections of the phase P′P′ recorded at North American seismograph stations from nuclear explosions in Novaya Zemlya are used to examine the crust and upper mantle beneath a region of eastern Antarctica. Many reflections are observed from depths less than 120 km, indicating considerable inhomogeneity at these depths in the Earth. No regular horizons were found throughout the area, but some correlation was observed among reflections at closely-spaced stations, and, at many stations, reflections were observed from depths of between 60 and 80 km, corresponding to a likely upper boundary of the low-velocity channel. Deeper reflections were found at depths of near 420 and 650 km. The latter boundary was particularly well-observed and appears to be sharply defined at a depth that is constant to within a few kilometers. The boundary at 420 km is not so well defined by reflections of P′P′, but reflects well longer-period PP waves, arriving at wider angles of incidence. This boundary appears to be at least as pronounced, but not so sharp as that near 650 km. The deep structure beneath Antarctica presents no obvious difference from that beneath other continental areas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Vadim Il’chenko

Based on the principle of Equivalence of Gravitating Masses (EGM) and tectonostratigraphic model of the Earth outer shell structure (the Earth crust and upper mantle), the average depth of the lunar mass gravitational influence on the Earth was calculated as ~1600 km. The developed model is based on the mechanism of rocks tectonic layering of the Earth crust-mantle shell as an oscillatory system with dynamic conditions of a standing wave, regularly excited by the lunar tide and immediately passing into the damping mode. After comparing the average depth of solid lunar tide impact of ~1600 km with the height of the solid lunar tide “hump” on the Earth surface of 0.5 m, a “tensile strain” was calculated with an amplitude only one order of magnitude larger than the amplitude of the gravitational wave recorded by the Advanced LIGO interferometer: A≈10-18 m (the merger result of a black holes pair ca 1.3 Ga ago). The results of the present study suggest that the crust-mantle shell of the Earth may be used as a gravitational-wave interferometer.


1964 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Hisashi KUNO ◽  
Hitoshi TAKEUCHI ◽  
Seiya UEDA

Eos ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Babuška ◽  
Robert C. Liebermann

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Nikolaev ◽  
T. K. Burakhovych ◽  
A. M. Kushnir ◽  
Ye. M. Sheremet

The three-dimensional geoelectric model of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the Kerch Peninsula has been built for the first time based on the results of experimental observations of the Earth’s low-frequency electromagnetic field, carried out in 2007—2013 by the Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Its physical and geological interpretation and detailing of the near-surface part were carried out according to the data of the audiomagnetotelluric sounding method to study the deep structure of the Kerch iron ore basin. To the east of the Korsak-Feodosiya fault along the southern part of the Indolo-Kuban trough (in the north of the South Kerch and almost under the entire North Kerch zones), a low-resistance anomaly (ρ=1 Ohm∙m) was found at depths from 2.5 km to 12 km about 20 km wide. Its eastern part is located in the consolidated Earth’s crust and is galvanically connected with surface sedimentary strata, while the western part is completely in sedimentary deposits. The anomaly covers the territory of the Kerch iron ore basin and occurrences of mud volcanism. The characteristics of the upper part of the layered section of the Kerch Peninsula in the interval of the first hundreds of meters were obtained from the results of one-dimensional inversion of the audiomagnetotelluric sounding data (frequency range 8—4000 Hz). It is shown that the first 15 m of the section, corresponding to Quaternary deposits, have resistivity values up to 1 Ohm∙m. Below, in the Neogene sediments, the electrical resistance increases to values of 5 Ohm∙m and more. Both horizontally and vertically, the distribution of resistivity values has a variable character, manifesting as a thin-layered structure with low resistivity values. Possibly, such areas have a direct connection with the channel for transporting hummock material and gases. A connection is assumed between the low-resistivity thin-layered near-surface areas, a deep anomaly of electrical conductivity in the upper part of the Earth’s crust, and the likely high electrical conductivity of rocks at the depths of the upper mantle with iron ore deposits, as well as the manifestation of mud volcanism. The heterogeneity of the crustal and mantle highly conductive layers may indicate a high permeability of the contact zones for deep fluids.


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