Elaborations for Part III

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Procedure Model

This chapter discusses the case of an epidemic in a closed population. Closed means that demographic turnover, emigration, and immigration are not considered. The following questions may be asked: Does this cause an epidemic? If so, at what rate does the number of infected hosts increase during the rise of the epidemic? What proportion of the population will ultimately have experienced infection? We assume that we are dealing with microparasites, which are characterized by the fact that a single infection triggers an autonomous process in the host. We further assume that this process results in either death or lifelong immunity, so that no individual can be infected twice. In order to answer these questions, we first have to formulate assumptions about transmission. It is then helpful to follow a three-step procedure: model the contact process; model the mixing of susceptible and infective (i.e., infectious) individuals; and specify the probability that a contact between an infective and a susceptible actually leads to transmission.

Elaborations for Part II

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Procedure Model

This chapter discusses the case of an epidemic in a closed population. “Closed” means that demographic turnover, emigration, and immigration are not considered. The following questions may be asked: Does this cause an epidemic? If so, at what rate does the number of infected hosts increase during the rise of the epidemic? What proportion of the population will ultimately have experienced infection? We assume that we are dealing with microparasites, which are characterized by the fact that a single infection triggers an autonomous process in the host. We further assume that this process results in either death or lifelong immunity, so that no individual can be infected twice. In order to answer these questions, we first have to formulate assumptions about transmission. It is then helpful to follow a three-step procedure: model the contact process; model the mixing of susceptible and infective (i.e., infectious) individuals; and specify the probability. that a contact between an infective and a susceptible actually leads to transmission.

The epidemic in a closed population

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Procedure Model

This chapter discusses the case of an epidemic in a closed population. “Closed” means that demographic turnover, emigration, and immigration are not considered. The following questions may be asked: Does this cause an epidemic? If so, at what rate does the number of infected hosts increase during the rise of the epidemic? What proportion of the population will ultimately have experienced infection? We assume that we are dealing with microparasites, which are characterized by the fact that a single infection triggers an autonomous process in the host. We further assume that this process results in either death or lifelong immunity, so that no individual can be infected twice. In order to answer these questions, we first have to formulate assumptions about transmission. It is then helpful to follow a three-step procedure: model the contact process; model the mixing of susceptible and infective (i.e., infectious) individuals; and specify the probability that a contact between an infective and a susceptible actually leads to transmission.

Research on Key Technologies for Construction of Three-Dimensional Machining Procedure Model Based Definition

2014 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Hong Lei Zhang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zhi Cui ◽  
Yong Zeng ◽  
Tie Jun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Procedure Model

Three-dimensional machining procedure models are used for generating three-dimensional process model and process planning that support machining. It can be realized through extracting information of three-dimensional design model. The consistency of data and visualization of machining can be improved using the technologies for parts, which are compared with the current two-dimensional technology. The key technologies and framework for construction of three-dimensional machining procedure model based definition are researched.

scholarly journals An Inhomogeneous Contact Process Model for Speciation

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984
Author(s):  
Rinaldo B. Schinazi
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Contact Process

MAGDEBURG LOGISTICS MODEL – THE SMART LOGISTICS ZONE AS A CONCEPT FOR ENABLING LOGISTICS 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Niels Schmidtke ◽  
Elke Glistau ◽  
Fabian Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Target System ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Smart Logistics ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Procedure Model

Intelligent linking in the context of Industry 4.0 alters the objectives and possibilities of designing logistics solutions in the production economy today and tomorrow [1]. There is a growing need for an expanded theory of logistics that helps to characterize existing solutions as well as systematically develop new solutions and bring them together effectively and efficiently. The objectives are the development of a model of thinking and a procedure model for current and future logistics solutions including Logistics 4.0. The article explains the newly developed "Smart Logistics Zone" (SLZ). The SLZ is defined as a scalable examination and action area for analysis, evaluation, planning, control, regulation and (re-) configuration of logistics solutions [2]. New to the thinking model are the generation of solutions from (logistic) objects, pro-cesses, systems and the relevant infrastructure as well as the scalability of the considered zone. The framework model provides a quantifiable target system. The process model in turn allows a systematic solution development using method and technology databases. Several possible views on logistics, which are considered as aspects in the SLZ, are being elaborated. Other aspects of the presented concept such as intelligence and spatial categories are discussed as well. In the outlook a sample factory serves as a scalable examination area for the SLZ. In its application, the SLZ demonstrates a new perspective on the analysis, planning and evaluation of logistics systems. The approach is designed as a scalable tool. It can be adaptively applicable to various intralogistic and extralogistic problems.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Amorphous Carbon Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino ◽  
D.C. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Films ◽  
Image Optimization ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Stm Images

In the last few years scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has made it possible and easily accessible to visualize surfaces of conducting specimens at the atomic scale. Such performance allows the detailed characterization of surface morphology in an increasing spectrum of applications in a wide variety of fields. Because the basic imaging process in STM differs fundamentally from its equivalent in other well-established microscopies, good understanding of the imaging mechanism in STM enables one to grasp the correct information content in STM images. It thus appears appropriate to explore by STM the structure of amorphous carbon films because they are used in many applications, in particular in the investigation of delicate biological specimens that may be altered through the preparation procedures.All STM images in the present study were obtained with the commercial instrument Nanoscope II (Digital Instruments, Inc., Santa Barbara, California). Since the importance of the scanning tip for image optimization and artifact reduction cannot be sufficiently emphasized, as stressed by early analyses of STM image formation, great attention has been directed toward adopting the most satisfactory tip geometry. The tips used here consisted either of mechanically sheared Pt/Ir wire (90:10, 0.010" diameter) or of etched W wire (0.030" diameter). The latter were eventually preferred after a two-step procedure for etching in NaOH was found to produce routinely tips with one or more short whiskers that are essentially rigid, uniform and sharp (Fig. 1) . Under these circumstances, atomic-resolution images of cleaved highly-ordered pyro-lytic graphite (HOPG) were reproducibly and readily attained as a standard criterion for easily recognizable and satisfactory performance (Fig. 2).

Procedure for Maximizing Phonological Information from Single-Word Responses

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet B. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Information ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Target Attainment ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Busy Clinician ◽  
Planning Intervention

Formal articulation test responses are often used by the busy clinician as a basis for planning intervention goals. This article describes a 6-step procedure for using efficiently the single-word responses elicited with an articulation test. This procedure involves the assessment of all consonants within a word rather than only test-target consonants. Responses are organized within a Model and Replica chart to yield information about an individual's (a) articulation ability, (b) frequency of target attainment, substitutions, and deletions, (c) variability in production, and (d) phonological processes. This procedure is recommended as a preliminary assessment measure. It is advised that more detailed analysis of continuous speech be undertaken in conjunction with early treatment sessions.

Process \'prǎ|,ses\n: The Action of Moving Forward Progressively from One Point to Another on the Way to Completion

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Pruning
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Remedial Programs ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The Way

A rationale for the application of a stage process model for the language-disordered child is presented. The major behaviors of the communicative system (pragmatic-semantic-syntactic-phonological) are summarized and organized in stages from pre-linguistic to the adult level. The article provides clinicians with guidelines, based on complexity, for the content and sequencing of communicative behaviors to be used in planning remedial programs.

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