Effect of seed dressing treatment of Streptomyces griseoviridis on barley and spring wheat in field experiments

The effect of seed dressing with the antagonist Streptomyces griseoviridis on root rots and yields of wheat and barley was studied in field experiments. In long-term field experiments, where different levels of soil-borne inoculum of root rots were maintained with different crop sequences, seed treatment with the antagonist increased yields slightly on average over all experimental years. However, variations between years, crops and crop sequences were considerable. The highest yield increases were in excess of 600 kg/ha, whilst treatment occasionally resulted in slight yield losses. In experiments in which seed naturally infested with Fusarium spp. was used, seed treatment with S. griseoviridis increased yields of wheat but not those of barley. Seed dressing with an organomercurial fungicide resulted in higher yield increases than the biopreparate.

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Phosphorus fertilisation under nitrogen limitation can deplete soil carbon stocks – evidence from Swedish meta-replicated long-term field experiments

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-12-16527-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 16527-16551 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Poeplau ◽

M. A. Bolinder ◽

H. Kirchmann ◽

T. Kätterer

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Heterotrophic Respiration ◽

Different Levels ◽

Soc Stocks ◽

Term Field

Abstract. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils can mitigate atmospheric CO2 concentration and also contribute to increase soil fertility and ecosystem resilience. The role of major nutrients on SOC dynamics is complex, due to simultaneous effects on net primary productivity (NPP) that influence crop residue carbon inputs and on the rate of heterotrophic respiration (carbon outputs). This study investigated the effect on SOC stocks of three different levels of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilisation rates in the absence of nitrogen fertilisation and of three different levels of nitrogen in the absence of PK. This was done by analysing data from 10 meta-replicated Swedish long-term field experiments (> 45 years). With N fertilisation, SOC stocks followed yield increases. However, for all PK levels, we found average SOC losses ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (ns) for the lowest to −0.09 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (p = 0.008) for the highest application rate, while crop yields as a proxy for carbon input increased significantly with PK fertilization by 1, 10 and 15 %. We conclude that SOC dynamics are mainly output-driven in the PK fertilised regime but mostly input-driven in the N fertilised regime, due to the much more pronounced response of NPP to N than to PK fertilisation. It has been established that P rather than K is the element affecting ecosystem carbon fluxes, where P fertilisation has been shown to: (i) stimulate heterotrophic respiration, (ii) reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) decrease crop root : shoot ratio, leading to lower root-derived carbon input. The higher export of N in the PK fertilised plots in this study could (iv) have led to increased N mining and thus mineralisation of organic matter. More integrated experiments are needed to gain a better understanding of the relative importance of each of the above-mentioned mechanisms leading to SOC losses after P addition.

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Phosphorus fertilisation under nitrogen limitation can deplete soil carbon stocks: evidence from Swedish meta-replicated long-term field experiments

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-13-1119-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1119-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Christopher Poeplau ◽

Martin A. Bolinder ◽

Holger Kirchmann ◽

Thomas Kätterer

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Heterotrophic Respiration ◽

Different Levels ◽

Soc Stocks ◽

Term Field

Abstract. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils can mitigate atmospheric CO2 concentration and also contribute to increased soil fertility and ecosystem resilience. The role of major nutrients in SOC dynamics is complex, due to simultaneous effects on net primary productivity (NPP) that influence crop residue carbon inputs and in the rate of heterotrophic respiration (carbon outputs). This study investigated the effect on SOC stocks of three different levels of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilisation rates in the absence of nitrogen fertilisation and of three different levels of nitrogen fertiliser in the absence of PK fertiliser. This was done by analysing data from 10 meta-replicated Swedish long-term field experiments (> 45 years). With N fertilisation, SOC stocks followed yield increases. However, for all PK levels, we found average SOC losses ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (ns) for the lowest to −0.09 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (p = 0.008) for the highest application rate, while crop yields as a proxy for carbon input increased significantly with PK fertilisation by 1, 10 and 15 %. We conclude that SOC dynamics are mainly output-driven in the PK-fertilised regime but mostly input-driven in the N-fertilised regime, due to the much more pronounced response of NPP to N than to PK fertilisation. It has been established that P rather than K is the element affecting ecosystem carbon fluxes, where P fertilisation has been shown to (i) stimulate heterotrophic respiration, (ii) reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) decrease the crop root : shoot ratio, leading to higher root-derived carbon input. The higher export of N in the PK-fertilised plots in this study could (iv) have led to increased N mining and thus mineralisation of organic matter. More integrated experiments are needed to gain a better understanding of the relative importance of each of the above-mentioned mechanisms leading to SOC losses after P addition.

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Effect of molybdenum treatment on the element uptake of plants in a long-term experiment

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/50/2577 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 121-125

Author(s):

Anita Puskás-Preszner ◽

Béla Kovács ◽

Dávid Andrási ◽

Zita Kata Burján

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

High Level ◽

Different Levels ◽

Term Field

Molybdenum as a constituent of several inmportant enzymes is an essential micorelement. It can be found in all kind of food naturally at low level, however, environmental pollution, from natural or anthropogenic sources, can lead to high level of the metal in plants. Our study is based on the long-term field experiments of Nagyhörcsök, where different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Plant samples were collected from the experiment station to study the behaviour of elements: uptake by and transport within the plants, accumulation in different organs, phytotoxicity and effects on the quantity and quality of the crop.In this work we present the effect of molybdenum treatment on the uptake of other elements. Molybdenum is proved to be in an antagonist relationship with copper and sulphur, while molybdenum-phosphorus is a synergist interaction.However, in most of the plants we studied increasing molybdenum-treatment enhanced cadmium-uptake. We have found the most significant cadmium-accumulation in the case of pea, spinach and red beet.

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Effect of molybdenum treatment on the element uptake of food crops in a long-term field experiment

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/44/2610 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Anita Puskás-Preszner ◽

Béla Kovács ◽

Dávid Andrási ◽

Zita Kata Burján

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Food Crops ◽

Different Levels ◽

Term Field

Molybdenum, as a constituent of several important enzymes, is an essential microelement. It can be found in all kind of food naturally at lowlevels. However, environmental pollution, from natural or anthropogenic sources, can lead to high levels of the metal in plants. Our study is based on long-term field experiments at Nagyhörcsök, where different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Plant samples were collected from the experiment station to study the behavior of elements: uptake by and transport within the plants, accumulation in different organs, phytotoxicity and effects on the quantity and quality of the crop. In this study, we present the effect of molybdenum treatment on the uptake of other elements. Molybdenum is proved to be in an antagonist relationship with copper and sulphur, while molybdenum-phosphorus is a synergist interaction. However, in most of the plants we studied, increasing molybdenum-treatment enhanced cadmium uptake. We found the most significant cadmium accumulation in the case of pea, spinach and red beet.

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PLANNING LENGTH OF LONG -TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS THROUGH DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS – A CASE STUDY

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/0602_6378 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 63-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R Kaur

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support Systems ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Support Systems ◽

Term Field

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Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4201-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

M. Birkás ◽

T. Szalai ◽

C. Gyuricza ◽

M. Gecse ◽

K. Bordás

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Set Up ◽

Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

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