scholarly journals Requirements and Design Consistency: A Bi-directional Traceability and Natural Language Processing Assisted Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Omer Salih Dawood Omer ◽  
Abd-El-Kader Sahraoui ◽  
Mukhtar M. E. Mahmoud ◽  
Abd-El-Aziz Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Class Diagram ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Uml Class Diagram ◽  
Design Consistency

phase in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The design phase follows it. Traceability is one of the core concepts in software engineering; it is used to follow updates to make consistent items. This paper aimed to cover consistency through bi-directional traceability between requirements and design phase in a semi-automatic way. The Natural Language Processing (NLP) was used to analyze the requirements text and generate a class diagram; then, the generated items can be traced back to requirements. We developed a novel process to support consistency and bi-directional traceability. To ensure our proposed process's practical applicability, we implemented a tool named as Requirements and Design Bi-directional Traceability (RDBT). RDTB receives textual format requirements, performs NLP tasks (Tokenization, Part-of-Speech Tagging, etc.), generates UML class diagram, and finally performs traceability management to ensure consistency of requirements and UML class diagram. The work evaluation reveals good results, which indicates it can be used efficiently as a guide to generate the UML class diagram semi-automatically and manage traceability.

A Framework for the Generation of Class Diagram from Text Requirements using Natural language Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Software Requirements ◽  
Class Diagram ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Software Engineers

The software development procedure begins with identifying the requirement analysis. The process levels of the requirements start from analysing the requirements to sketch the design of the program, which is very critical work for programmers and software engineers. Moreover, many errors will happen during the requirement analysis cycle transferring to other stages, which leads to the high cost of the process more than the initial specified process. The reason behind this is because of the specifications of software requirements created in the natural language. To minimize these errors, we can transfer the software requirements to the computerized form by the UML diagram. To overcome this, a device has been designed, which plans can provide semi-automatized aid for designers to provide UML class version from software program specifications using natural Language Processing techniques. The proposed technique outlines the class diagram in a well-known configuration and additionally facts out the relationship between instructions. In this research, we propose to enhance the procedure of producing the UML diagrams by utilizing the Natural Language, which will help the software development to analyze the software requirements with fewer errors and efficient way. The proposed approach will use the parser analyze and Part of Speech (POS) tagger to analyze the user requirements entered by the user in the English language. Then, extract the verbs and phrases, etc. in the user text. The obtained results showed that the proposed method got better results in comparison with other methods published in the literature. The proposed method gave a better analysis of the given requirements and better diagrams presentation, which can help the software engineers. Key words: Part of Speech,UM

scholarly journals Aspect Based Sentiments from Tweets using Co-Ranking Multi-Modal Natural Language Processing Methodologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Sentiment Detection ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Speech Tagging

Now-a-days people interest to spend their time in social sites especially twitters to post lot of tweets in every day. The posted tweets are used by many users to get the knowledge about the particular applications, products and other search engine queries. With the help of the posted tweets, their emotions and sentiments are derived which are used to get opinion about particular event. Lot of traditional sentiment detection system that has been developed but they failed to analyze huge volume of tweets and online contents with temporal patterns were also difficult to analyze. To overcome the above issues, the co-ranking multi-modal natural language processing based sentiment analysis system was developed to detect the emotions from the posted tweets. Initially, tweets of different events are collected from social sites which are processed by natural language procedures such as Stemming, Lemmatization, Part-of-speech tagging, word segmentation and parsing are applied to get the words related to posted tweets for deriving the sentiments. From the extracted emotions, co-ranking process is applied to get the opinion effectively related to particular event. Then the efficiency of the system is examined using experimental results and discussions. The introduced system recognize the sentiments from tweets with 98.80% of accuracy.

scholarly journals Improving Brill's tagger lexical and transformation rule for Afaan Oromo language

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham G Ayana
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Transformation Rule ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Training Corpus ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Speech Tagging

Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to Human-like language processing which reveals that it is a discipline within the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, the ultimate goal of research on Natural Language Processing is to parse and understand language, which is not fully achieved yet. For this reason, much research in NLP has focused on intermediate tasks that make sense of some of the structure inherent in language without requiring complete understanding. One such task is part-of-speech tagging, or simply tagging. Lack of standard part of speech tagger for Afaan Oromo will be the main obstacle for researchers in the area of machine translation, spell checkers, dictionary compilation and automatic sentence parsing and constructions. Even though several works have been done in POS tagging for Afaan Oromo, the performance of the tagger is not sufficiently improved yet. Hence,the aim of this thesis is to improve Brill’s tagger lexical and transformation rule for Afaan Oromo POS tagging with sufficiently large training corpus. Accordingly, Afaan Oromo literatures on grammar and morphology are reviewed to understand nature of the language and also to identify possible tagsets. As a result, 26 broad tagsets were identified and 17,473 words from around 1100 sentences containing 6750 distinct words were tagged for training and testing purpose. From which 258 sentences are taken from the previous work. Since there is only a few ready made standard corpuses, the manual tagging process to prepare corpus for this work was challenging and hence, it is recommended that a standard corpus is prepared. Transformation-based Error driven learning are adapted for Afaan Oromo part of speech tagging. Different experiments are conducted for the rule based approach taking 20% of the whole data for testing. A comparison with the previously adapted Brill’s Tagger made. The previously adapted Brill’s Tagger shows an accuracy of 80.08% whereas the improved Brill’s Tagger result shows an accuracy of 95.6% which has an improvement of 15.52%. Hence, it is found that the size of the training corpus, the rule generating system in the lexical rule learner, and moreover, using Afaan Oromo HMM tagger as initial state tagger have a significant effect on the improvement of the tagger.

scholarly journals Natural language processing for similar languages, varieties, and dialects: A survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-612
Author(s):  
Marcos Zampieri ◽  
Preslav Nakov ◽  
Yves Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Speech Tagging

AbstractThere has been a lot of recent interest in the natural language processing (NLP) community in the computational processing of language varieties and dialects, with the aim to improve the performance of applications such as machine translation, speech recognition, and dialogue systems. Here, we attempt to survey this growing field of research, with focus on computational methods for processing similar languages, varieties, and dialects. In particular, we discuss the most important challenges when dealing with diatopic language variation, and we present some of the available datasets, the process of data collection, and the most common data collection strategies used to compile datasets for similar languages, varieties, and dialects. We further present a number of studies on computational methods developed and/or adapted for preprocessing, normalization, part-of-speech tagging, and parsing similar languages, language varieties, and dialects. Finally, we discuss relevant applications such as language and dialect identification and machine translation for closely related languages, language varieties, and dialects.

scholarly journals Bibliometric and Geographical Analysis of Cell Death Related Literature

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar Yogesh Muley ◽  
Anne Hahn ◽  
Pravin Paikrao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Speech Tagging

Natural language processing continues to gain importance in a thriving scientific community that communicates its latest results in such a frequency that following up on the most recent developments even in a specific field cannot be managed by human readers alone. Here we summarize and compare the publishing activity of the previous years on a distinct topic across several countries, addressing not only publishing frequency and history, but also stylistic characteristics that are accessible by means of natural language processing. Though there are no profound differences in the sentence lengths or lexical diversity among different countries, writing styles approached by Part-Of-Speech tagging are similar among countries that share history or official language or those are spatially close.

scholarly journals A FORMULA TO CALCULATE PRUNING THRESHOLD FOR THE PART-OF-SPEECH TAGGING PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3A) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nguyen Chi Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Viterbi Algorithm ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
The Wall Street Journal ◽  
Speech Tagging

The exact tagging of the words in the texts is a very important task in the natural language processing. It can support parsing the text, contribute to the solution of the polysemous word, and help to access a semantic information, etc. One of crucial factors in the POS (Part-of-Speech) tagging approaches based on the statistical method is the processing time. In this paper, we propose an approach to calculate the pruning threshold, which can apply into the Viterbi algorithm of Hidden Markov model for tagging the texts in the natural language processing. Experiment on the 1.000.000 words on the tag of the Wall Street Journal corpus showed that our proposed solution is satisfactory.

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