Assessment of blood flow in the coronary sinus by the method of MR 4D-flow

Background and purposePrevious studies have reported about inflammation processes (IPs) that play important roles in aneurysm formation and rupture, which could be driven by blood flow. IPs can be identified using aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) on high-resolution black-blood MRI (BB-MRI) and blood flow haemodynamics can be demonstrated by four-dimensional-flow MRI (4D-flow MRI). Thus, this study investigated the associations between AWE and haemodynamics in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IA) by combining 4D-flow MRI and high-resolution BB-MRI.Materials and methodsBetween April 2014 and October 2017, 48 patients with 49 unruptured IA who underwent both 4D-flow MRI and high-resolution BB-MRI were retrospectively included in this study. The haemodynamic parameters demonstrated using 4D-flow MRI were compared between different AWE patterns using the Kruskal-Wallis test and ordinal regression.ResultsThe results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the average wall shear stress in the IA (WSSavg-IA), maximum through-plane velocity in the adjacent parent artery, inflow jet patterns and the average vorticity in IA (vorticityavg-IA) were significantly associated with the AWE patterns. Ordinal regression analysis identified WSSavg-IA (p=0.002) and vorticityavg-IA (p=0.033) as independent predictors of AWE patterns.ConclusionA low WSS and low average vorticity were independently associated with a high AWE grade for IAs larger than 4 mm. Therefore, WSS and average vorticity could predict AWE and circumferential AWE.

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A pilot study investigating the use of 4D flow MRI for the assessment of splanchnic flow in patients suspected of mesenteric ischaemia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85315-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pauline Hall Barrientos ◽

Katrina Knight ◽

Douglas Black ◽

Alexander Vesey ◽

Giles Roditi

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Splenic Vein ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Mesenteric Ischaemia ◽

4D Flow Mri ◽

4D Flow ◽

Flow Mri ◽

Mesenteric Vessels ◽

Flow Changes

AbstractThe most common cause of chronic mesenteric ischaemia is atherosclerosis which results in limitation of blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. This pilot study aimed to evaluate 4D flow MRI as a potential tool for the analysis of blood flow changes post-prandial within the mesenteric vessels. The mesenteric vessels of twelve people were scanned; patients and healthy volunteers. A baseline MRI scan was performed after 6 h of fasting followed by a post-meal scan. Two 4D flow datasets were acquired, over the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the main portal venous vessels. Standard 2D time-resolved PC-MRI slices were also obtained across the aorta above the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein and portal vein (PV). In the volunteer cohort there was a marked increase in blood flow post-meal within the PV (p = 0.028), not seen in the patient cohort (p = 0.116). Similarly, there were significant flow changes within the SMA of volunteers (p = 0.028) but not for the patient group (p = 0.116). Our pilot data has shown that there is a significant haemodynamic response to meal challenge in the PV and SMA in normal subjects compared to clinically apparent CMI patients. Therefore, the interrogation of mesenteric venous vessels exclusively is a feasible method to measure post-prandial flow changes in CMI patients.

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Four-Dimensional Flow MRI of Abdominal Veins: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Simon O. Haarbye ◽

Michael B. Nielsen ◽

Adam E. Hansen ◽

Carsten A. Lauridsen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Portal Hypertension ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Visual Quality ◽

Sampling Strategies ◽

4D Flow Mri ◽

4D Flow ◽

Dimensional Flow ◽

Flow Mri

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the use of Four-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of vector blood flow (4D Flow MRI) in the abdominal veins. This study was composed according to the PRISMA guidelines 2009. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The initial search yielded 781 studies and 21 studies were included. All studies successfully applied 4D Flow MRI in abdominal veins. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI was capable of discerning between healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension. The visual quality and inter-observer agreement of 4D Flow MRI were rated as excellent and good to excellent, respectively, and the studies utilized several different MRI data sampling strategies. By applying spiral sampling with compressed sensing to 4D Flow MRI, the blood flow of several abdominal veins could be imaged simultaneously in 18–25 s, without a significant loss of visual quality. Four-Dimensional Flow MRI might be a useful alternative to Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Further clinical studies need to establish consensus regarding MRI sampling strategies in patients and healthy subjects.

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alpha-Adrenergic control of oxygen delivery to myocardium during exercise in conscious dogs

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1982.242.5.h805 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 242 (5) ◽

pp. H805-H809 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. R. Heyndrickx ◽

P. Muylaert ◽

J. L. Pannier

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Coronary Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Oxygen Delivery ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Conscious Dogs ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Adrenergic Control

alpha-Adrenergic control of the oxygen delivery to the myocardium during exercise was investigated in eight conscious dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) pressure, aortic blood pressure, and heart rate and sampling of arterial and coronary sinus blood. After alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade a standard exercise load elicited a significantly greater increase in heart rate, rate of change of LV pressure (LV dP/dt), LV dP/dt/P, and coronary blood flow than was elicited in the unblocked state. In contrast to the response pattern during control exercise, there was no significant change in coronary sinus oxygen tension (PO2), myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference, and myocardial oxygen delivery-to-oxygen consumption ratio. It is concluded that the normal relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand is modified during exercise after alpha-adrenergic blockade, whereby oxygen delivery is better matched to oxygen consumption. These results indicate that the increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium during normal exercise is limited by alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.

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Krypton 85 myocardial blood flow: precordial scintillation versus coronary sinus sampling

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.4.705 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 209 (4) ◽

pp. 705-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Michael D. Klein ◽

Lawrence S. Cohen ◽

Richard Gorlin

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Myocardial Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Radioactive Decay ◽

Empirical Correction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Actual Flow ◽

Flow Through ◽

High Degree

Myocardial blood flow in human subjects was assessed by comparative simultaneous measurement of krypton 85 radioactive decay from coronary sinus and precordial scintillation. Empirical correction of postclearance background from precordial curves yielded a high degree of correlation between flows derived from the two sampling sites (r = .889, P < .001). Comparison of left and right coronary flows in nine subjects revealed similarity in flow through the two vessels over a wide range of actual flow values (r = .945, P < .001).

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Reply to: “The importance of evaluating coronary sinus blood flow during the coronary sinus reducer treatment”

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.04.056 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Giannini ◽

Francesco Ponticelli ◽

Stefano Guarracini ◽

Georgios Tzanis

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Coronary Sinus Blood ◽

Coronary Sinus Blood Flow

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Measurement of Coronary Sinus Blood Flow by Continuous Thermodilution in Man

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.44.2.181 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 181-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 727

Author(s):

WILLIAM GANZ ◽

KOHJI TAMURA ◽

HAROLD S. MARCUS ◽

ROBERTO DONOSO ◽

SHINJI YOSHIDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Coronary Sinus Blood ◽

Coronary Sinus Blood Flow

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Alteration in myocardial oxygen balance during exercise after beta-adrenergic blockade in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1980.49.1.28 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

G. R. Heyndrickx ◽

J. L. Pannier ◽

P. Muylaert ◽

C. Mabilde ◽

I. Leusen

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Myocardial Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Oxygen Balance

The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade upon myocardial blood flow and oxygen balance during exercise were evaluated in eight conscious dogs, instrumented for chronic measurements of coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure, aortic blood pressure, heart rate, and sampling of arterial and coronary sinus venous blood. The administration of propranolol (1.5 mg/kg iv) produced a decrease in heart rate, peak left ventricular (LV) dP/dt, LV (dP/dt/P, and an increase in LV end-diastolic pressure during exercise. Mean coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were lower after propranolol than at the same exercise intensity in control conditions. The oxygen delivery-to-oxygen consumption ratio and the coronary sinus oxygen content were also significantly lower. It is concluded that the relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and demand is modified during exercise after propranolol, so that a given level of myocardial oxygen consumption is achieved with a proportionally lower myocardial blood flow and a higher oxygen extraction.

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