The Need to Revise Copyright Law to Reflect the Changing Costs and Benefits of Modern Digital Reuse of Artistic Creations

The Google Books Settlement: A Private Contract in the Absence of Adequate Copyright Law

Scholarly and Research Communication ◽

10.22230/src.2011v2n1a29 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jenna Newman

Keyword(s):

Digital Publishing ◽

Copyright Law ◽

Class Action ◽

Public Access ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

University Of British Columbia ◽

Scholarly Publisher ◽

Google Books ◽

Technical Details ◽

The University

Internet search giant Google Inc. began digitizing library collections in 2004, confident that scanning and indexing books to display excerpts based on users’ search queries were fair uses under U.S. copyright law. Authors and publishers disagreed, and in 2005 representatives filed class action copyright infringement complaints. Rather than litigate, the parties negotiated a settlement that would not only allow Google’s original uses but license Google to use, and sell online, millions of books published before January 5, 2009. This report uses the experience of Canadian scholarly publisher the University of British Columbia Press to illuminate the November 13, 2009, proposed amended settlement agreement’s technical details, and it examines the settlement’s economic and cultural costs and benefits and its implications for digital publishing, public access, and copyright law in a rapidly developing digital market. Whatever this settlement’s outcome, its proposal underlines the need for meaningful, legislative copyright reform capable of encompassing present technological realities.

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Using the research on intergroup conflict in nonhuman animals to help inform patterns of human intergroup conflict

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda R. Ridley ◽

Melanie O. Mirville

Keyword(s):

Large Body ◽

Nonhuman Animal ◽

Intergroup Conflict ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

Animal Groups ◽

Interesting Article ◽

Nonhuman Animals

Abstract There is a large body of research on conflict in nonhuman animal groups that measures the costs and benefits of intergroup conflict, and we suggest that much of this evidence is missing from De Dreu and Gross's interesting article. It is a shame this work has been missed, because it provides evidence for interesting ideas put forward in the article.

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