Supplemental Material for The Self-Sacrificial Nature of Leader Identity: Understanding the Costs and Benefits at Work and Home

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Leader Identity

Irresistible bargains: Navigating the surveillance society

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Pallitto
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Surveillance Society ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Agents in contemporary societies are faced continually with choices regarding engagement with technological artifacts. They can choose to engage or decline engagement after considering the costs and benefits in each case. However, certain aspects of the surveillance society may be irresistible in a number of ways, so that refusal to engage with them is not a realistic option. The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly as embedded in “smart city” initiatives, helps to make surveillance technologies potentially irresistible. After laying the conceptual groundwork for discussing irresistible bargains, this essay offers a two-part normative critique, focusing on the asymmetrical power relations engendered by smart cities as well as harms inflicted on the self.

Altruism is never self-sacrifice

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lewis
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Reinforcement Value ◽  
Self System

Altruism by definition involves the self's evaluation of costs and benefits of an act of the self, which must include cost to the self and benefits to the other. Reinforcement value to the self of such acts is greater than the costs to the self. Without consideration of a self-system of evaluation, there is little meaning to altruistic acts.

scholarly journals Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating some Categories of Economic Discourse

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Economics as a science of human behavior has been grounded in a remarkably parsimonious postulate: that of the self-interested, isolated individual who chooses freely and rationally between alternative courses of action after computing their prospective costs and benefits. In recent decades, a group of economists has shown considerable industry and ingenuity in applying this way of interpreting the social world to a series of ostensibly noneconomic phenomena, from crime to the family, and from collective action to democracy. The “economic” or “rational-actor” approach has yielded some important insights, but its onward sweep has also revealed some of its intrinsic weaknesses. As a result, it has become possible to mount a critique which, ironically, can be carried all the way back to the heartland of the would-be conquering discipline. That the economic approach presents us with too simpleminded an account of even such fundamental economic processes as consumption and production is the basic thesis of the present paper.

The economics of prescribed burning for shrub control in the semi-arid woodlands of north-west New South Wales.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMN Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
New South ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The Self ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Division ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Capital Value

Costs and benefits of prescribed buming for shrub control in a representative 2000 ha paddock are estimated, based on anecdotal and survey data collected from graziers in the Western Division. For a hypothetical paddock, two bums were assumed to take place during the space of seven years. Costs include those for constructing firebreaks and controlling the fire. In particular circumstances, income from grazing may be foregone when "spelling" the paddock prior to the bum, and also after the bum until rainfall has induced the regrowth and seeding of pasture. Benefits from prescribed buming include increased livestock production, primarily through higher lamb weaning percentages and wool cuts from the self-replacing Merino flock, reduced mustering time and improved surveillance of livestock, resulting in better control of pests such as blowflies, lice, feral pigs and foxes. Capital value of the land is also improved. Cash flows over a 20 year period indicate that prescribed burning for shrub control is profitable. Despite this, users should carefully assess the maximum area that property cash flows will allow for setting aside to bum when an appropriate season allows.

When Do We Confront? Perceptions of Costs and Benefits Predict Confronting Discrimination on Behalf of the Self and Others

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Good ◽  
Corinne A. Moss-Racusin ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
Past Experiences

Across two studies, we tested whether perceived social costs and benefits of confrontation would similarly predict confronting discrimination both when it was experienced and when it was observed as directed at others. Female undergraduate participants were asked to recall past experiences and observations of sexism, as well as their confronting behaviors. Path modeling in Study 1 ( N = 148) demonstrated that women were more likely to report confronting if they believed that the confrontation would make a difference (perceived benefits), or they were less concerned about social sanctions (perceived costs), and the prediction patterns were similar for both experienced and observed sexism. Study 2 ( N = 166) replicated the results of Study 1, as well as tested the moderating influence of gender identification. In situations of higher perceived social costs, women who were less strongly identified with their gender group were more responsive to the perceived benefits of the confrontation when deciding whether to confront on behalf of the self. The results of the two studies suggest that researchers should investigate methods for enhancing perceived social benefits and reducing perceived social costs when designing intervention programs aimed at increasing confrontation and decreasing the prevalence of discrimination.

scholarly journals Tracking feels oppressive and ‘punishy’: Exploring the costs and benefits of self-monitoring for health and wellness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205520761879755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Orji ◽  
Richard Lomotey ◽  
Kiemute Oyibo ◽  
Fidelia Orji ◽  
Jamie Blustein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Problem Behaviours

Self-monitoring is the cornerstone of many health and wellness persuasive interventions. However, applications designed to promote health and wellness that use this strategy have recorded varying degrees of success. In this study, we investigated why the self-monitoring strategy might work in some contexts and fail in others. We conducted a series of large-scale studies, with a total of 1768 participants, to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the self-monitoring strategy. Our results uncover important strengths and weaknesses that could facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of self-monitoring to promote the health and wellness of its users. The strengths include its tendency to reveal problem behaviours, provide real and concrete information, foster reflection, make people accept responsibility, create awareness and raise users’ consciousness about their health and wellness. Some of the weaknesses include its tendency to provoke health disorder, be tedious and boring. We contribute to the digital health community by offering design guidelines for operationalising self-monitoring to overcome its weaknesses and amplify its strengths.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF INTENTION TO INHABIT ECO-FRIENDLY HOMES IN MALAYSIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Teck Hong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Green Consumerism ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
High Control

Malaysian housing developers are weighing the costs and benefits of building environmentally-sensitive homes out of concern that the market may not be receptive to such homes. This study aims to examine the determinants of inhabiting intentions of potential homebuyers toward eco-friendly homes. Using a case study of Nusajaya Iskandar Malaysia, a series of quantitative analysis was used to examine homebuyers' intentions to inhabit eco-friendly homes. The results for the survey revealed that a favorable attitude toward eco-friendly homes, high control in the ability to purchase eco-friendly homes, and the self-identification of green consumerism were statistically significant determinants of intention to inhabit such homes. Social referents' opinion relating to eco-friendly homes, however, was not significantly related to inhabiting intentions. Additionally, households of gated-guarded and detached dwellings, higher income and educational attainment, and housing costs were significantly related to the intention of acquiring eco-friendly homes.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Using the research on intergroup conflict in nonhuman animals to help inform patterns of human intergroup conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Ridley ◽  
Melanie O. Mirville
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Interesting Article ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

Abstract There is a large body of research on conflict in nonhuman animal groups that measures the costs and benefits of intergroup conflict, and we suggest that much of this evidence is missing from De Dreu and Gross's interesting article. It is a shame this work has been missed, because it provides evidence for interesting ideas put forward in the article.

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