scholarly journals Effect of Set Size, Age, and Mode of Stimulus Presentation on Information-Processing Speed

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Carling Norton
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
Effect Of Age

First, second, and third grade pupils served as Ss in an experiment designed to show the effect of age, mode of stimulus presentation, and information value on recognition time. Stimuli were presented in picture and printed word form and in groups of 2, 4, and 8. The results of the study indicate that first graders are slower than second and third graders who are neatly equal. There is a gross shift in reaction time as a function of mode of stimulus presentation with increase in age. The first graders take much longer to identify words than pictures, while the reverse is true of the older groups. With regard to set size, a slope appears in the pictures condition in the older groups, while for first graders, a large slope occurs in the words condition and only a much smaller one for pictures. For the older groups, there is no increase in reaction time with larger set sizes in the words condition, and, in fact, the values tend to decrease.

Relations between White Matter Maturation and Reaction Time in Childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Scantlebury ◽  
Todd Cunningham ◽  
Colleen Dockstader ◽  
Suzanne Laughlin ◽  
William Gaetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
White Matter Maturation ◽  
The Right

AbstractWhite matter matures with age and is important for the efficient transmission of neuronal signals. Consequently, white matter growth may underlie the development of cognitive processes important for learning, including the speed of information processing. To dissect the relationship between white matter structure and information processing speed, we administered a reaction time task (finger abduction in response to visual cue) to 27 typically developing, right-handed children aged 4 to 13. Magnetoencephalography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging were used to delineate white matter connections implicated in visual-motor information processing. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic radiation in the left hemisphere, and FA and mean diffusivity (MD) of the optic radiation in the right hemisphere changed significantly with age. MD and RD decreased with age in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and bilaterally in the cortico-spinal tracts. No age-related changes were evident in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. FA of the cortico-spinal tract in the left hemisphere and MD of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus of the right hemisphere contributed uniquely beyond the effect of age in accounting for reaction time performance of the right hand. Our findings support the role of white matter maturation in the development of information processing speed. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)

Reaction Time and Rapid Serial Processing Measures of Information Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis: Complexity, Compounding, and Augmentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey J. Hughes ◽  
Douglas R. Denney ◽  
Sharon G. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Serial Processing ◽  
Better Than

AbstractInformation processing speed is frequently cited as the primary cognitive domain impacted by multiple sclerosis (MS) and is usually evaluated with reaction time (RT) or rapid serial processing (RSP) measures. The present study compared the efficacy of RT and RSP measures to distinguish between patients with MS (N = 42) and healthy controls (N = 40). The RT measure was patterned after the Computerized Tests of Information Processing and included measures of simple, choice, and semantic RT. The RSP measures consisted of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Stroop Test. Substantial differences in information processing speed between patients and controls were found on all tests, with slightly larger effect sizes for RSP measures than RT measures and for the SDMT than the Stroop Test. Binary logistic regression analyses showed RSP measures performed better than RT measures at distinguishing patients from controls, and likewise, the SDMT score performed better than the scores derived from the Stroop Test. Results are discussed in the context of three effects associated with common measures of processing speed: complexity, compounding, and augmentation. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1113–1121)

Comparison of Two Reaction-Time Tasks and Their Relation to Intelligence

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Small ◽  
J. F. Raney ◽  
Terry J. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Time Parameters

Two reaction time tasks were compared as measures of information-processing speed. A multiple R between the WAIS—R Full, Performance, and Verbal scales and several reaction time parameters was calculated for 28 college students. Results indicate that the reaction-time task used in exploring the relationships between speed of information processing and IQ can be less complex than those used to date.

Limitations of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test as a measure of working memory in patients with multiple sclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. FISK ◽  
CATHERINE J. ARCHIBALD
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Serial Addition

The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) is a commonly used procedure that combines elements of both a working memory task and a test of information processing speed. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have consistently been found to be impaired on this test and it has been recommended as a core outcome measure in clinical trials. The standard score for this task is the number of correct responses at each stimulus presentation rate but a concern has been raised that subjects may ignore some test items in order to chunk the information into manageable portions and avoid performing several cognitive tasks simultaneously. To account for this strategy, one can examine the proportion of correct responses that are consecutive (termed dyads), since such responses require that the task be performed according to the instructions. We compared a group of 35 mildly to moderately disabled MS patients and matched healthy controls on the PASAT. The MS patients made significantly fewer correct responses at the 2 slowest presentation rates (2.4, 2.0 s/digit) while their scores at faster rates (1.6, 1.2 s/digit) did not discriminate them from controls as well. Nevertheless, the MS patients' percentage of dyads was significantly lower than that of the control sample across all stimulus presentation rates. While our study supports the use of the PASAT as a test that distinguishes MS patients from healthy individuals, our results also illustrate problems that lie in the interpretation of this difference in performance. It appears that a chunking strategy may be common in the PASAT, particularly as task demands increase, and that this may mask actual performance differences. If so, the total correct response score alone is limited as a measure of working memory and information processing speed. More detailed analyses of PASAT performance, coupled with other measures of information processing, may help clarify the underlying cognitive deficits of MS patients. (JINS, 2001, 7, 363–372.)

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Visual Choice Reaction Time for Different Colors in Females

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grrishma Balakrishnan ◽  
Gurunandan Uppinakudru ◽  
Gaur Girwar Singh ◽  
Shobith Bangera ◽  
Aswini Dutt Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Undergraduate Female

Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person’s central information processing speed and coordinated peripheral movement response. Visual choice reaction time is a type of reaction time and is very important for drivers, pilots, security guards, and so forth. Previous studies were mainly on simple reaction time and there are very few studies on visual choice reaction time. The aim of our study was to compare the visual choice reaction time for red, green, and yellow colors of 60 healthy undergraduate female volunteers. After giving adequate practice, visual choice reaction time was recorded for red, green, and yellow colors using reaction time machine (RTM 608, Medicaid, Chandigarh). Repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison were used for analysis andP<0.05was considered statistically significant. The results showed that both red and green had significantly less choice visual choice reaction (Pvalues<0.0001and 0.0002) when compared with yellow. This could be because individual color mental processing time for yellow color is more than red and green.

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