Analysis of Temporal Suppression Mechanism in Binocular Rivalry

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Sohmiya ◽  
Kazuko Sohmiya
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Test Pattern ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Suppression Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

A method for analyzing the temporal suppression mechanism in binocular rivalry is described. A test pattern was presented to one eye and a suppressing pattern to the other eye after varying time intervals. The subject was instructed to report the frequency of nonsuppression phases of the test pattern immediately after presentation of the suppressing pattern. Analysis indicated that the test pattern was never suppressed at the 0-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony and the nonsuppression probabilities decreased as the onset asynchrony increased. Moreover, resistivity to contralateral suppression was greater when the test pattern was projected to the dominant eye.

Varieties of Object Constancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ellis ◽  
D. A. Allport ◽  
G. W. Humphreys ◽  
J. Collis
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Single Object ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Angle Of View ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Three experiments are described in which two pictures of isolated man-made objects were presented in succession. The subjects’ task was to decide, as rapidly as possible, whether the two pictured objects had the same name. With a stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of above 200 msec two types of facilitation were observed: (1) the response latency was reduced if the pictures showed the same object, even though seen from different viewpoints (object benefit); (2) decision time was reduced further if the pictures showed the same object from the same angle of view (viewpoint benefit). These facilitation effects were not affected by projecting the pictures to different retinal locations. Significant benefits of both types were also obtained when the projected images differed in size. However, in these circumstances there was a small but significant performance decrement in matching two similar views of a single object, but not if the views were different. Conversely, the object benefit, but not the viewpoint benefit, was reduced when the SOA was only 100 msec. The data suggest the existence of (at least) two different visual codes, one non-retinotopic but viewer-centred, the other object-centred.

scholarly journals Effects of Prime Task on Affective Priming By Facial Expressions of Emotion

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aguado ◽  
Ana Garcia-Gutierrez ◽  
Ester Castañeda ◽  
Cristina Saugar
Keyword(s):  
Task Assignment ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Prime Task ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Priming of affective word evaluation by pictures of faces showing positive and negative emotional expressions was investigated in two experiments that used a double task procedure where participants were asked to respond to the prime or to the target on different trials. The experiments varied between-subjects the prime task assignment and the prime-target interval (SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony). Significant congruency effects (that is, faster word evaluation when prime and target had the same valence than when they were of opposite valence) were observed in both experiments. When the prime task oriented the subjects to an affectively irrelevant property of the faces (their gender), priming was observed at SOA 300 ms but not at SOA 1000 ms (Experiment 1). However, when the prime task assignment explicitly oriented the subjects to the valence of the face, priming was observed at both SOA durations (Experiment 2). These results show, first, that affective priming by pictures of facial emotion can be obtained even when the subject has an explicit goal to process a non-affective property of the prime. Second, sensitivity of the priming effect to SOA duration seems to depend on whether it is mediated by intentional or unintentional activation of the valence of the face prime.

scholarly journals The triple-flash illusion reveals a driving role of alpha-band reverberations in visual perception

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Gulbinaite ◽  
Barkin İlhan ◽  
Rufin VanRullen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

ABSTRACTThe modulatory role of spontaneous brain oscillations on perception of threshold-level stimuli is well established. Here, we provide evidence that alpha-band (7-14 Hz) oscillations not only modulate but also can drive perception. We used the “triple-flash” illusion: Occasional perception of three flashes when only two spatially-coincident veridical ones are presented, separated by ~100 ms. The illusion was proposed to result from superposition of two hypothetical oscillatory impulse response functions (IRF) generated in response to each flash (Bowen, 1989). In Experiment 1, we varied stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and validated Bowen's theory: the optimal SOA for illusion to occur was correlated, across subjects, with the subject-specific IRF period. Experiment 2 revealed that pre-stimulus parietal alpha EEG phase and power, as well as post-stimulus alpha phase-locking, together determine the occurrence of the illusion on a trial-by-trial basis. Thus, oscillatory reverberations create something out of nothing – a third flash where there are only two.

Metacontrast U-Shaped Functions Derive from Two Monotonic Processes

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Target Visibility ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Underlying Processes

Different underlying processes account for the descending and ascending portions of the metacontrast U-shaped function obtained in the flanking-masks paradigm. One or another process is dominant on each trial. Each process is monotonic with stimulus onset asynchrony in the region in which it can be measured. The two processes may be isolated by asking the subject to report on each trial not only target visibility but also whether target and mask appear simultaneous or not. Standard U-shaped functions could be obtained only as an artifact of averaging across these different types of trials.

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

Combining the Post-Cue Task and the Perceptual Identification Task to Assess Parallel Activation and Mutual Facilitation of Related Primes and Targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Scherer ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Prime Target

Abstract. Recent theories assume a mutual facilitation in case of semantic overlap for concepts being activated simultaneously. We provide evidence for this claim using a semantic priming paradigm. To test for mutual facilitation of related concepts, a perceptual identification task was employed, presenting prime-target pairs briefly and masked, with an SOA of 0 ms (i.e., prime and target were presented concurrently, one above the other). Participants were instructed to identify the target. In Experiment 1, a cue defining the target was presented at stimulus onset, whereas in Experiment 2 the cue was not presented before the offset of stimuli. Accordingly, in Experiment 2, a post-cue task was merged with the perceptual identification task. We obtained significant semantic priming effects in both experiments. This result is compatible with the view that two concepts can both be activated in parallel and can mutually facilitate each other if they are related.

“Channeling” the powers of God’s Word

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
New Materials ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Starting with the controversial esoteric employment of audio recordings by followers of the charismatic Muslim preacher Sharif Haidara in Mali, the article explores the dynamics emerging at the interface of different technologies and techniques employed by those engaging the realm of the Divine. I focus attention on the “border zone” between, on the one hand, techniques for appropriating scriptures based on long-standing religious conventions, and, on the other, audio recording technologies, whose adoption not yet established authoritative and standardized forms of practice, thereby generating insecurities and becoming the subject of heated debate. I argue that “recyclage” aptly describes the dynamics of this “border zone” because it captures the ways conventional techniques of accessing the Divine are reassessed and reemployed, by integrating new materials and rituals. Historically, appropriations of the Qur’an for esoteric purposes have been widespread in Muslim West Africa. These esoteric appropriations are at the basis of the considerable continuities, overlaps and crossovers, between scripture-related esoteric practices on one side, and the treatment by Sharif Haidara’s followers of audio taped sermons as vessels of his spiritual power, on the other.

The problem of woman’s emansipation in the feuilleton “Amazonia: a very inept story” by Mykola Chirsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The author of the article analyses the problem of the female emancipation in the little-known feuilleton “Amazonia: A Very Inept Story” (1924) by Mykola Chirsky. The author determines the genre affiliation of the work and examines its compositional structure. Three parts are distinguished in the architectonics of associative feuilleton: associative conception; deployment of a “small” topic; conclusion. The author of the article clarifies the role of intertextual elements and the method of constantly switching the tone from serious to comic to reveal the thematic direction of the work. Mykola Chirsky’s interest in the problem of female emancipation is corresponded to the general mood of the era. The subject of ridicule in provocative feuilleton is the woman’s radical metamorphoses, since repulsive manifestations of emancipation becomes commonplace. At the same time, the writer shows respect for the woman, appreciates her femininity, internal and external beauty, personality. He associates the positive in women with the functions of a faithful wife, a caring mother, and a skilled housewife. In feuilleton, the writer does not bypass the problem of the modern man role in a family, but analyses the value and moral and ethical guidelines of his character. The husband’s bad habits receive a caricatured interpretation in the strange behaviour of relatives. On the one hand, the writer does not perceive the extremes brought by female emancipation, and on the other, he mercilessly criticises the male “virtues” of contemporaries far from the standard. The artistic heritage of Mykola Chirsky remains little studied. The urgent task of modern literary studies is the introduction of Mykola Chirsky’s unknown works into the scientific circulation and their thorough scientific understanding.

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