Extrasensory Perception Examined Using a Reaction Time Measure

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-502
Author(s):  
Terence M. Hines ◽  
Paul Lang ◽  
Karyn Seroussi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Reaction Time Measure ◽  
Reaction Time Paradigm ◽  
Extrasensory Perception

ESP research has depended almost exclusively on measures of accuracy. Such measures are much less sensitive than reaction time measures, which have never been used to evaluate claims for ESP. In this paper we describe the use of a reaction time paradigm in the investigation of ESP. In spite of the greater sensitivity of this dependent measure, no evidence for ESP was found.

scholarly journals In Masks we Trust: Explicit and Implicit Reactions to Masked Faces Vary by Voting Intention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Ingram ◽  
Erick Gustavo Chuquichambi ◽  
William Jimenez-Leal ◽  
Antonio Olivera-LaRosa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Reaction Time Measure ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Uk

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused controversy over new norms of mask-wearing in public places. An online experiment previously showed that people from several Spanish-speaking countries perceived faces wearing medical-style masks as more trustworthy, socially desirable, and likely to be ill, compared to control faces without a mask. We replicated and extended these methods with 1241 English-speaking participants from the UK and USA, adding questions on political orientation and voting intention, and including the online-VAAST task to test the effects of masks on an implicit reaction-time measure. The positive effects of masks on trustworthiness and social desirability were replicated, but the negative effect of masks on perceptions of healthiness was reversed. Participants were also quicker to approach masked faces. Conservative voters’ explicit and implicit reactions to masked faces were less favorable than those of liberals, demonstrating that masks are viewed positively by many but continue to be politically controversial.

Extracting Distributed Orientations in Different Contexts

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
C Bonnet ◽  
A Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Reaction Time Paradigm ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similar Elements ◽  
Regular Spacing ◽  
Surface Background

It has been shown that discriminating the orientations of a target is influenced by the spatial distribution of the orientations of similar elements in the background. However, this effect appears to be essentially decisional (Dufour and Bonnet, 1995 Spatial Vision9 307 – 324). In the present experiment, we explored the accuracy with which subjects can discriminate relative proportions of orientations distributed over a surface (background). Stimuli were textures made of 100 segments with regular spacing. Each of the segments had one of four possible orientations. For each display, one of the orientations was overrepresented (31%, 37%, 43% and 49%). The task of the subject was to discriminate, in a reaction-time paradigm, which of the four orientations was more frequent within a given display. Three spatial conditions were used. In condition 1, the different orientations were randomly distributed over the surface. In the two other conditions, nine elements of the same orientation formed a group within one region of the texture. In condition 2, these grouped elements had the over-represented orientation. In condition 3, they had one of the three under-represented orientations. Grouping of the oriented elements has a facilitating effect when it contains the over-represented orientation, and a negative effect when it contains one of the under-represented orientations. There are good reasons to think that these interferences are decisional rather than sensorial.

Physiological Bases of Acoustic LRT in Nonstutterers, Mild Stutterers, and Severe Stutterers

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. Watson ◽  
Peter J. Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Reaction Time Paradigm ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Delayed Initiation

The simple reaction time paradigm, incorporating a variable foreperiod, was used to investigate relative contributions of the respiratory and laryngeal systems to mild and severe stutterers' prolonged acoustic laryngeal reaction time (LRT) values. Prephonatory kinematic data were analyzed in terms of frequency of initiation, timing, and organization of events executed to attain the functional physiological targets of respiratory inflation during foreperiods and phonation onset after foreperiods. Acoustic data replicated a previously observed composite stuttering severity and foreperiod effect on stutterers' acoustic LRT values. Kinematic data revealed that, in general, the mild stutterers demonstrated delayed initiation of respiratory events and appropriate organization of respiratory and laryngeal events while the severe stutterers demonstrated delayed initiation of laryngeal events and inappropriate organization of respiratory and laryngeal events. That is, kinematic data both account for group differences in acoustic LRT values as a function of foreperiod and support the notion that differential respiratory and laryngeal deficits underly mild and severe stutterers' prolonged acoustic LRT values.

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