Relative Size of Global Visual Stimulus: Advantage and Interference

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1427-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamali Amirkhiabani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Hemispheric Specialisation ◽  
Prime Determinant ◽  
Local Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Distinct Aspect ◽  
Local Levels

Absolute and relative sizes of global and local visual stimuli have been suggested as the prime determinants of the so-called global precedence effect; however in none of these studies has the relative size of the two levels been manipulated. Difference in size seems to be the most distinct aspect of differentiating global and local levels of a visual stimulus. In this study the effect of variations in relative size of global and local levels on the global-local advantage and interference effects was examined. Analysis showed that, when the stimulus was displayed at a peripheral location, relative size was probably the prime determinant of global advantage and interference. In addition, both global and local information was processed faster when the stimulus was projected to the left visual field than to the right one. This finding was more compatible with the hypothesis of verbal-visuospatial hemispheric specialisation than with a part-whole dichotomy.

On the Different Processing of Wholes and Parts: A Psychophysiological Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Han ◽  
Silu Fan ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yan Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Compound Stimuli ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Levels

The global precedence hypothesis (Navon, 1977) assumes that the processing of the global level of a hierarchical pattern precedes that of the local level. To explore further the nature of global and local processing of compound stimuli, we recorded the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) associated with ident@ing the global and local levels of nonlinguistic compound stimuli in a selective attention task. Wile subjects' behavioral responses were similar to those observed by Navon (1977), the analyses of ERP data showed that identification of the local level elicited longer N2 and P3 peak latencies with enhanced N2 and decreased P3 amplitudes relative to the identification of the global level. The inconsistency between the global and local levels made N2 and P3 amplitudes more negative with longer peak latencies. This interference effect on N2 and P3 amplitude and P3 latency was stronger on the local level than on the global level. The modulation of N2 by the consistency of the global and local levels observed in this and the previous (Heinze, Muente, et al., 1994) study suggests that the interference effect may be mediated by the early perceptual processing. Moreover, we found that the amplitude of an early posterior P1 component was modulated by attention to the global and local levels, being larger to the local target than to the global one. This PI effect gives no support to the notion that the variation of attentional spotlight determines the global precedence effect.

scholarly journals Inquality and the Future of Global History: A Round Table Discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81
Author(s):  
Julia McClure ◽  
Amitava Chowdhury ◽  
Sarah Easterby-Smith ◽  
Norberto Ferreras ◽  
Omar Gueye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Global History ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The University ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Local Levels

The following is an edited transcript of a roundtable that took place at the University of Glasgow in September 2018. The roundtable was organized by Dr. Julia McClure in conjunction with the Poverty Research Network’s conference - Beyond Development: The Local Visions of Global Poverty. That conference brought into focus the ways in which the global and local levels meet at the site of poverty and highlighted the different conceptions on the global are generated from the perspective of poverty. The roundtable brought together leading scholars from Europe, Africa, Asia and North and South America to take stock of global history as a field, to consider the role of existing centres of knowledge production, and to assess new directions for the field.

E-Technologies in Higher Education Provision

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Petros Ieromonachou ◽  
Nola Stair
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Levels

Technology is always advancing; furthermore, the economy and demographics, both at global and local levels dictate changes that businesses need to consider for future planning. Like all businesses, most academic institutions need to follow trends and offer new and up-to-date learning initiatives. This chapter discusses the assessment and evaluation of Web-based postgraduate and undergraduate programmes, at the Business School of a London-based university. The study reviews relevant literature, investigates student and staff views on the use of technology in learning, and reflects on the planning and management of two Supported Open Learning (SOL) programmes. It also offers suggestions for future programmes and courses designed for use with e-learning technologies.

scholarly journals Multi-Level-Phase Deep Learning Using Divide-and-Conquer for Scaffolding Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Sayan Sakhakarmi ◽  
Jee Woong Park
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Levels

A traditional structural analysis of scaffolding structures requires loading conditions that are only possible during design, but not in operation. Thus, this study proposes a method that can be used during operation to make an automated safety prediction for scaffolds. It implements a divide-and-conquer technique with deep learning. As a test scaffolding, a four-bay, three-story scaffold model was used. Analysis of the model led to 1411 unique safety cases for the model. To apply deep learning, a test simulation generated 1,540,000 datasets for pre-training, and an additional 141,100 datasets for testing purposes. The cases were then sub-divided into 18 categories based on failure modes at both global and local levels, along with a combination of member failures. Accordingly, the divide-and-conquer technique was applied to the 18 categories, each of which were pre-trained by a neural network. For the test datasets, the overall accuracy was 99%. The prediction model showed that 82.78% of the 1411 safety cases showed 100% accuracy for the test datasets, which contributed to the high accuracy. In addition, the higher values of precision, recall, and F1 score for the majority of the safety cases indicate good performance of the model, and a significant improvement compared with past research conducted on simpler cases. Specifically, the method demonstrated improved performance with respect to accuracy and the number of classifications. Thus, the results suggest that the methodology could be reliably applied for the safety assessment of scaffolding systems that are more complex than systems tested in past studies. Furthermore, the implemented methodology can easily be replicated for other classification problems.

scholarly journals Fast Forward: Supramarginal Gyrus Stimulation Alters Time Measurement

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wiener ◽  
Roy Hamilton ◽  
Peter Turkeltaub ◽  
Matthew S. Matell ◽  
H. B. Coslett
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporal Judgment ◽  
The Right

The neural basis of temporal processing is unclear. We addressed this important issue by performing two experiments in which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was administered in different sessions to the left or right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) or vertex; in both tasks, two visual stimuli were presented serially and subjects were asked to judge if the second stimulus was longer than the first (standard) stimulus. rTMS was presented on 50% of trials. Consistent with a previous literature demonstrating the effect of auditory clicks on temporal judgment, rTMS was associated with a tendency to perceive the paired visual stimulus as longer in all conditions. Crucially, rTMS to the right SMG was associated with a significantly greater subjective prolongation of the associated visual stimulus in both experiments. These findings demonstrate that the right SMG is an important element of the neural system underlying temporal processing and, as discussed, have implications for neural and cognitive models of temporal perception and attention.

Analyse structurale et architecture de l'inflorescence des Begoniaceae

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Goulet ◽  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Luc Brouillet
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Inflorescence Structure ◽  
Analyse Structurale ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Local Levels

The inflorescence structure of Begoniaceae was analyzed taking into account their degree of symmetry. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of 71 species led to the recognition of nine architectural models. When the whole plant is considered, the inflorescence of Begoniaceae is a thyrse. Comparative analyses of the models allowed to determine at what level symmetry or asymmetry is found. There is a correlation between the total lengths of axes and between flower numbers on the best and least developed sides of an inflorescence. For the whole family, the difference between the two sides of the inflorescence is significant for the former, and not for the latter. Divergence angles on the best developed side do not differ from those on the least developed one for a same ramification, and likewise between successive levels of ramification. Thus, the inflorescence appears asymmetrical if total length of axes is considered. These results tend to support the hypothesis that the Begoniaceae are fundamentally asymmetrical. Inflorescence symmetry is found in some groups by stabilization and compensation of different asymmetric components at the global and local levels. Nevertheless, inflorescence asymmetry does not seem to be related to plant architecture, although it seems to be related to the degree of foliar asymmetry. Key words: Begoniaceae, inflorescence, cyme, inflorescential architecture, structural asymmetry.

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