On the Different Processing of Wholes and Parts: A Psychophysiological Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Han ◽  
Silu Fan ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yan Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Compound Stimuli ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Levels

The global precedence hypothesis (Navon, 1977) assumes that the processing of the global level of a hierarchical pattern precedes that of the local level. To explore further the nature of global and local processing of compound stimuli, we recorded the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) associated with ident@ing the global and local levels of nonlinguistic compound stimuli in a selective attention task. Wile subjects' behavioral responses were similar to those observed by Navon (1977), the analyses of ERP data showed that identification of the local level elicited longer N2 and P3 peak latencies with enhanced N2 and decreased P3 amplitudes relative to the identification of the global level. The inconsistency between the global and local levels made N2 and P3 amplitudes more negative with longer peak latencies. This interference effect on N2 and P3 amplitude and P3 latency was stronger on the local level than on the global level. The modulation of N2 by the consistency of the global and local levels observed in this and the previous (Heinze, Muente, et al., 1994) study suggests that the interference effect may be mediated by the early perceptual processing. Moreover, we found that the amplitude of an early posterior P1 component was modulated by attention to the global and local levels, being larger to the local target than to the global one. This PI effect gives no support to the notion that the variation of attentional spotlight determines the global precedence effect.

Beyond the Forest and the Trees: Local and Global Interference in Hierarchical Visual Stimuli Containing Three Levels

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5619 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rijpkema ◽  
Sandra van Aalderen ◽  
Jens Schwarzbach ◽  
Frans A J Verstraten
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Large Letter ◽  
Attentional Window ◽  
Hierarchical Manner

Our visual world can be thought of as organised in a hierarchical manner. Studies on hierarchical letter stimuli (a large letter composed of smaller letters) suggest that processing of a visual scene is global to local, a phenomenon known as the global-precedence effect. Elaborating on this global-to-local hypothesis we tested whether global interference will increase with increasing level of globality. For this, we used three-level hierarchical letter stimuli with a global, middle, and local level. When attending to the local level of the stimulus, only the middle level showed an interference effect, whereas the global level did not interfere at all. We argue that, considering the perceptual and attentional contributions to this effect, the hypothesis of global-to-local processing of a visual scene may only hold within a limited spatial attentional window.

The Role of Musical Experience in Hemispheric Lateralization of Global and Local Auditory Processing

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 956-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Black ◽  
Jennifer L. Stevenson ◽  
Joel P. Bish
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
Global And Local

The global precedence effect is a phenomenon in which global aspects of visual and auditory stimuli are processed before local aspects. Individuals with musical experience perform better on all aspects of auditory tasks compared with individuals with less musical experience. The hemispheric lateralization of this auditory processing is less well-defined. The present study aimed to replicate the global precedence effect with auditory stimuli and to explore the lateralization of global and local auditory processing in individuals with differing levels of musical experience. A total of 38 college students completed an auditory-directed attention task while electroencephalography was recorded. Individuals with low musical experience responded significantly faster and more accurately in global trials than in local trials regardless of condition, and significantly faster and more accurately when pitches traveled in the same direction (compatible condition) than when pitches traveled in two different directions (incompatible condition) consistent with a global precedence effect. In contrast, individuals with high musical experience showed less of a global precedence effect with regards to accuracy, but not in terms of reaction time, suggesting an increased ability to overcome global bias. Further, a difference in P300 latency between hemispheres was observed. These findings provide a preliminary neurological framework for auditory processing of individuals with differing degrees of musical experience.

Local-Level and Global-Level Form Characteristics in Apparent-Motion Correspondence

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Palmer ◽  
Ovid J L Tzeng ◽  
Sheng He
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correspondence Problem ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Motion Display ◽  
Motion Correspondence

This study addressed the ‘correspondence’ problem of apparent-motion (AM) perception in which parts of a scene must be matched with counterparts separated in time and space. Given evidence that AM correspondence can be mediated by two distinct processes—one based on a low-level motion-detection mechanism (the Reichardt process), the other involving the tracking of objects by visual attention (the attention-based process)—the present study explored how these processes interact in the perception of apparent motion between hierarchically structured figures. In three experiments, hierarchical figures were presented in a competition motion display so that, across frames, figures were identical at either the local or the global level. In experiment 1 it was shown that AM occurred between locally identical figures. Furthermore, with the Reichardt AM component eliminated in experiments 3 and 4, no preference was obtained for either level. While evidence from previous studies suggests that form extraction for hierarchically structured figures proceeds from the global to the local level, the present results indicate the irrelevance of such a global precedence in AM correspondence. In addition, it is suggested that Reichardt AM correspondence between local elements constrains attention-based AM correspondence between global figures so that both components move in the same direction. It is argued that this constraining process represents an elegant means of achieving AM correspondence between objects undergoing complex transformations.

Processing of global and local information in memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
Remo Job
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Capital Letter ◽  
Global And Local

The experiments reported in this paper were designed to test how global and local information are processed by the memory system. When subjects are required to match a given letter with either a previously presented large capital letter or the small capital letters comprising it, (1) responses to the global level (i.e. the big letter) are faster than responses to the local level (i.e. the small letters), and (2) responses to the latter level only are affected by the consistency between the large and the small letters (Experiment 2), a pattern similar to that obtained in perception (Experiment 1). Such results obtain when subjects are required to attend to only one level with a short ISI between the first and second stimulus, but not when a longer ISI is used (Experiment 5) or when subjects are required to attend to both levels at the same time (Experiments 3 and 4). The results are discussed in the light of a model that postulates a temporal precedence of the global information over the local one at the perceptual level.

scholarly journals Global processing deficit in Alzheimer’s disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
María J. Blanca ◽  
Teresa Rodrigo ◽  
Rebecca Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Global And Local

Several studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reveal an impaired capacity to integrate visual elements into global pictures, leading to a deficit in global processing of visual information. The aim of this paper was to explore global and local processing in people with AD at non-advanced stage. The Global and Local Attention Test (AGL; from the original Spanish: AGL-Atención global y local) was administered to a group of 100 participants with a mean age of 75.36 years. Fifty of them were AD patients at a mild or moderate stage, while the remainder comprised healthy elders. The AGL provides two scores that indicate speed and accuracy in analyzing global and local figures. Participants had to indicate the figures where the target appeared at either global or local levels in a divided attention task. The results showed lower accuracy in the AD group compared with controls. Also in the AD group, and in line with previous findings, accuracy in detecting the target was much lower at the global level than at the local level, thereby confirming the expected deficit in global processing associated with AD. This deficit did not vary according to sex or age.

Access to Global and Local Properties in Visual Search for Compound Stimuli

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Enns ◽  
Alan Kingstone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Compound Stimuli ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
Global And Local

The question of whether attention is drawn more easily to global or local aspects of a stimulus has been debated for more than 100 years We examined it anew, using the visual search task, which distinguishes sensory from attentional effects Subjects searched for a target feature (e g, triangle vs square), which was equally likely to occur in the local elements of a compound search item, in its global structure, or in both Element size and spacing were used to manipulate whether search was generally easier for local or global targets (e g, small size and dense spacing favor global detection) The novel result was that these factors had very little influence on search slopes for local targets, whereas they had large effects on search slopes for global targets This result suggests that a qualitatively different process underlies detection at the global level in traditional compound stimuli Our proposal that an attention-demanding grouping stage is involved was confirmed in a final experiment in which grouping was made selectively difficult at the local level

scholarly journals The Influence of Inhibition of Return and Level-Priming on the Global Precedence Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Yuanzi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Hierarchical Stimuli ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Global And Local

The aim of the reported experiment was to investigate the effects of inhibition of return (IOR) and level-priming on the global precedence effect (GPE). The classical hierarchical stimuli combined with IOR and the level-priming paradigm were used. The participants selectively attended to the global or local features of compound numerals. The results showed that IOR inhibited the response to the global and local features; moreover, the inhibition effect on the perception of the global features was stronger than that of the local features in the stage of inhibitory processing, resulting in the disappearance of GPE. However, level-priming promoted the response to global and local features, and the promotion effect was stronger on local features, leading to the disappearance of GPE as well. These findings suggested that hierarchical processing was affected by IOR and level-priming, which were correlated with selective attention. Thus, it indicated that global precedence could be involved in attentional mechanisms.

scholarly journals Modern State in Higher Education Internationalization at Global and Local Levels (by the Example of SSU, SNAU, SSPU. Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-529
Author(s):  
Andrij Chyrva ◽  
Оlena Statsenko ◽  
Тetiana Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Higher Education Internationalization ◽  
Local Levels

The article aims to reveal modern state of higher education internationalization (HEI) at global and local levels. Synthesis of conceptual approaches to studying HEI allowed to concretize the meaning of HEI at modern stage in a global and institutional levels. Renovated notion has been proposed as “complete internationalization”. It is interpreted as engagement, devotion and commitment of both all education management levels and teaching stuff to multifaceted process of intentional long-lasting infusion and integration of international dimensions with comparative constituent into all functions and missions of higher education and active designing of policies, plans, programs, strategies and approaches for promotion of internationality in higher education. Due to theoretical method of conceptual and comparative analysis of research and strategic documents and the latest scientific publications on issues of global internationalization of higher education, analysis of foreign and local experience, conceptual approaches to studying HEI were depicted modern internationalization forms at global level. Interviews initiated with heads of international affairs offices enabled us to find out HEI state at local level. Questionnaires with international students, focused on likes and dislikes concerning infrastructure, teaching methods, communication with local students, future plans helped to identify the level of students’ satisfaction and attractiveness of Sumy universities. Main priorities of stakeholders are defined. Recommendations concerning further possible development of higher education internationalization are given.

Relative Size of Global Visual Stimulus: Advantage and Interference

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1427-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamali Amirkhiabani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Hemispheric Specialisation ◽  
Prime Determinant ◽  
Local Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Distinct Aspect ◽  
Local Levels

Absolute and relative sizes of global and local visual stimuli have been suggested as the prime determinants of the so-called global precedence effect; however in none of these studies has the relative size of the two levels been manipulated. Difference in size seems to be the most distinct aspect of differentiating global and local levels of a visual stimulus. In this study the effect of variations in relative size of global and local levels on the global-local advantage and interference effects was examined. Analysis showed that, when the stimulus was displayed at a peripheral location, relative size was probably the prime determinant of global advantage and interference. In addition, both global and local information was processed faster when the stimulus was projected to the left visual field than to the right one. This finding was more compatible with the hypothesis of verbal-visuospatial hemispheric specialisation than with a part-whole dichotomy.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Studi Tata Kelola Seni dan Risetnya di Aras Global dan Lokal (Development of the Study of Art Governance and Research at the Global and Local Levels)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Iwan Setiawan Dani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arts Management ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Management Study ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Levels

Artikel ini hendak mendeskripsikan perkembangan studi dan riset Tata Kelola Seni, baik yang terjadi di aras global maupun lokal. Perkembangan studi ini di Amerika Serikat, Eropa akan dijelaskan, serta perbandingannya dengan Indonesia. Berikutnya adalah telaah perkembangan riset di bidang ini. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif adalah informasiyang diolah dari artikel akademik untuk menelusuri perkembangan studi dan riset Tata Kelola Seni di aras global, sedangkan data kuantitatif diambil dari kumpulan tesis Program Magister Tata Kelola Seni Program Pascasarjana (PPs) ISI Yogyakarta untuk menelusuri perkembangan di aras lokal. Penemuan dari penelitian ini adalah studi Tata Kelola Seni di PPs ISI Yogyakarta lebih mirip dengan, secara content, program studi Arts Management di Amerika Serikat, namun area risetnya masih sangat terbatas pada Pemasaran (21%) dan Manajemen (46%). Kemudian,organisasi kebudayaan yang menjadi objek penelitian terkonsentrasi padaKomunitas Seni (24%), Organisasi Swasta (24%), dan Pemerintah (22%). Dari hasil tersebut, penulis mengusulkan agar Magister Tata Kelola Seni PPs ISI Yogyakarta lebih memperlebar spektrum risetnya ke bidang-bidang seperti: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Manajemen Keuangan, Kepemimpinan dan Organisasi, Kebijakan Publik, dll.AbstractThis article aims to describe the development of Art Management studies and research both at global and local levels. The development of this study in the United States, Europe will be explained with the comparison with Indonesia. Next is to examine the development of research in this field. The research method used is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data is information that is processed from academic articles to explore developments in Arts Managementstudies and research at the global level, while quantitative data is taken from a collection of Postgraduate Program of the Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta Arts Management Masters thesis programs to explore developments at the local level. The findings of this study are that the Arts Management study at Postgraduate Program of the Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta is more similar to content with the Arts Management study program in the United States, but the research areais still very limited to Marketing (21%), and Management (46%). Then the cultural organizations that became the object of research were concentrated in the Art Community (24%), Private Organizations (24%) and the Government (22%). From these results, the authors propose that the ISI Yogyakarta Arts Management Masters further broadens the spectrum of research into fields such as Human Resource Management, Financial Management, Leadership and Organizations, Public Policy, etc. 

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