MODERN STAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AI METHODS AND SYSTEMS IN POWER ENGINEERING

В статье анализируется ряд публикаций на эту тему, а также обобщаются результаты дискуссий на конференции «Знания, онтологии, теории» (Новосибирск, 8-12 ноября 2021 г.) и Круглом столе в ИСЭМ СО РАН «Искусственный интеллект в энергетике» (22 декабря 2021 г.). Рассматриваются понятия: сильный и слабый ИИ, объяснимый ИИ, доверенный ИИ. Анализируются причины «бума» вокруг машинного обучения и его недостатки. Сравниваются облачные технологии и технологии граничных вычислений. Определяется понятие «умный» цифровой двойник, интегрирующий математические, информационные, онтологические модели и технологии ИИ. Рассматриваются этические риски ИИ и перспективы применения методов и технологий ИИ в энергетике. The article analyzes a number of publications on this topic, and also summarizes the results of discussions at the conference "Knowledge, Ontology, Theory" (Novosibirsk, November 8-12, 2021) and the Round Table at the ISEM SB RAS "Artificial Intelligence in Energy" (December 22 2021). The concepts are considered: artificial general intelligence (AGI), strong and narrow AI (NAI), explainable AI, trustworthy AI. The reasons for the "hype" around machine learning and its disadvantages are analyzed. Compares cloud and edge computing technologies. The concept of "smart" digital twin, which integrates mathematical, informational, ontological models and AI technologies, is defined. The ethical risks of AI and the prospects for the application of AI methods and technologies in the energy sector are considered.

Teacher Round Table

Study and Scrutiny has focused on the publication of critical and empirical studies surrounding the scholarship and critical merits of Young Adult literature. Because other journals provide a space for pedagogical practices concerning YA, the editors have intentionally shied away from explaining to teachers how to teach a particular title in a particular way. Still, the intention of the journal has been, in part, to support the learning of secondary students as readers and the classroom practices of their teachers. This section hopes to serve as a space to open the conversation surrounding YA literature, its critical merits, and ways that the research might serve teachers as they make curriculum choices about both texts and strategies. The idea is to bring teachers, as intellectuals, into conversation surrounding the scholarship of a featured study. For this issue, four Oklahoma teachers from four different school districts focus on Arianna Banack’s article “Connecting and Critiquing the Canon: Pairing Pride and Pride and Prejudice.”

Development and Application of a New Type of Medical Protective Sputum Suction Respiratory Circuit

Background: At present, there are few breathing circuits that can protect health care workers. Here, we have developed a new disposable medical protective sputum suction breathing circuit.Methods：The main components of the structure of the novel medical protective breathing circuit are adapter, isolation sleeve, stop sleeve, sealing cover and sealing ring. An isolation sleeve is inserted into the conversion joint. The isolation sleeve inner sleeve has a stop sleeve with an inverted round table structure. The upper nozzle of the adapter is provided with a sealing ring tightly combined with the lower outer edge of the isolation sleeve, and a sealing cover is provided on the sealing ring.Results: The device is easy to operate and can prevent the pollution caused by sputum splashing when sucking sputum.Conclusion: The medical protective sputum suction and breathing circuit is simple in structure, easy to use, and can effectively protect medical staff.

Round table on open quantum systems

This is a discussion about open quantum systems and its application to the study of hard probes. It reviews some of the things that were said in the corresponding round table. Views are only my own.

A Socioscientific Issue Approach to Understanding Middle School Students' Beliefs and Intentions Toward Climate Change

This chapter is a demonstration of how to use socioscientific issues to impact middle school students' beliefs and intentions towards climate change. Fifty-one middle school students from a summer enrichment program in the Northeastern United States participated in this study. The duration of this curricular unit took place over six consecutive one-hour class periods. The researcher utilized quantitative and qualitative procedures to analyze the students' abilities to think critically and to argue persuasively about their beliefs and intentions about climate change. The results indicate that the students concluded that human actions are a significant factor in climate change. The students' intentions to act, as well as their desire to encourage others to take actions necessary to mitigate climate change, were compelling. Additionally, the knowledge the students gained from the interventions used enhanced their abilities to write persuasively to the chief executive officers from power plants and waste treatment facilities to a round table discussion on ways to mitigate climate change.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR DEEPENING PRESCHOOLERS’ IDEAS ABOUT THE ADULTS’ PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

The article presents the results of a pilot study of older preschool children’s acquaintance with the adults’ professional activities. It has been found that older preschoolers have a lack of knowledge of sports, art, labor, military, and medical professions. The presence of children’s gender stereotypes in the expression of preferences for a certain profession has been revealed. The study has served as a basis for developing pedagogical conditions for deepening preschoolers’ ideas about the profession, in particular, updating the content of preschool children’s acquaintance with adult work, selection of effective tools and methods for forming children’s ideas about professional activities; usage of the principle of gender equality in this process; and establishing a constructive partnership of parent-educator interaction. It is stated that the system of pedagogical conditions creates a basis for the emergence of children’s interest in the world of professions, the desire to learn new information about professional activities, and the desire to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.Methods of deepening preschoolers’ perceptions of professions are identified. They are the following: didactic games, computer-didactic games, reading children’s literature, watching cartoons and cartoon series, story-based role-playing games. The importance of applying a gender-sensory approach in the process of forming children’s ideas about the professional activities of various professions is noted. Forms (observations, excursions, etc.), methods (didactic and plot-role games, meetings with representatives of various professions, reading fiction, reviewing paintings, watching cartoons, etc.) are offered.They should be used to form children’s ideas about labor distribution. Forms of partnership interaction of the educator with the parent team are defined, namely, traditional one (seminars, talks, joint excursions, exhibitions of children’s works made together with parents, etc.), innovative one (a round table, a workshop, a master class, etc.). Tasks for parents for their career guidance work with preschool children are identified.

On Keeping Science: Does Russia Need Science?

A.G. Kozlov's opening remarks on round table discussions regarding science and innovations

Analysis of Terms as an Instrument of Comparative Philosophy

The article continues the polemics on the problems of interaction of philosophical cultures in the era of globalization, which was started at the meetings of the Round Table "Geography of Rationality". The author gives answers to critical questions, explains the methodology and principles of her work with Indian philosophical texts. A short research of the meta-term "cognitive subject" is an example of her methods. The analysis of cognitive subject aimed to justify the absence of the concepts of reason and rationality in Indian epistemic culture, the cornerstones of Western epistemic culture, since Modern times. The justification was carried out by comparing the generalized model of the cognitive subject, abstracted from the writings of empiricists and rationalists of the XVII–XVIII centuries, with the generalized models of the cognitive subject, reconstructed on the basis of authoritative writings of three variants of Indian epistemological teachings: Advaita Vedānta, Jainism and Buddhism. From the author's point of view, the absence of the concepts of reason and rationality in India leads to the non-classical problem of pluralism of epistemic cultures, and the exploration of the meta-term "cognitive subject" allows us to find, on the one hand, intersections in the contents of epistemologies in Indian philosophy and Western metaphysics of Modern times, and on the other, their incompatible contents, which are specific manifestations of pluralism of epistemic cultures. For her reconstruction of the cognitive subject models the author takes the principle of "double perspective" in combination with the methods of hermeneutical and logical analysis of philosophical terms. The principle determinates the consideration of the theoretical object from two sides: European and Indian. Having appeared in the Western epistemic culture, these methods effectively work to objectify the results of socio-humanitarian research, thanks to which they are becoming increasingly widespread among non-Western cross-cultural philosophers. When the author applies the method of logical analysis to justify the absence of the concepts of reason and rationality in India, she is guided by the rules of logical semantics and the principles of semiotics. The compared terms, Western and Indian, are considered as signs with their own meanings and senses. The senses are understood as sets of predicates important for solving the author’s task. The author of the article, taking into account the experience of famous philosophers, negatively assesses the possibility of solving the problem of unambiguously correct translation.