SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY FOR FACIAL RECOGNITION REACTION TIME AND ACCURACY

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss that is inherent to military operations can lead to cognitive errors and potential mission failure. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) allele variations of several genes (COMT, ADORA2A, TNFa, CLOCK, DAT1) have been linked with inter-individual cognitive resilience to sleep loss through various mechanisms. U.S. Army Soldiers with resilience-related alleles may be better-suited to perform cognitively-arduous duties under conditions of sleep loss than those without these alleles. However, military-wide genetic screening is costly, arduous, and infeasible. This study tested whether a brief survey of subjective resilience to sleep loss (1) can demarcate soldiers with and without resilience-related alleles, and, if so, (2) can predict cognitive performance under conditions of sleep loss. Methods Six SNPs from the aforementioned genes were sequenced from 75 male U.S. Army special operations Soldiers (age 25.7±4.1). Psychomotor vigilance, response inhibition, and decision-making were tested after a night of mission-driven total sleep deprivation. The Iowa Resilience to Sleeplessness Test (iREST) Cognitive Subscale, which measures subjective cognitive resilience to sleep loss, was administered after a week of recovery sleep. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine whether the iREST Cognitive Subscale can discriminate between gene carriers, and a cutoff score was determined. Cognitive performance after sleep deprivation was compared between those below/above the cutoff score using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The iREST discriminated between allele variations for COMT (ROC=.65,SE=.07,p=.03), with an optimal cutoff score of 3.03 out of 5, with 90% sensitivity and 51.4% specificity. Soldiers below the cutoff score had significantly poorer for psychomotor vigilance reaction time (t=-2.39,p=.02), response inhibition errors of commission (U=155.00,W=246.00,p=.04), and decision-making reaction time (t=2.13,p=.04) than Soldiers above the cutoff score. Conclusion The iREST Cognitive Subscale can discriminate between those with and without specific vulnerability/resilience-related genotypes. If these findings are replicated, the iREST Cognitive Subscale could be used to help military leaders make decisions about proper personnel placement when sleep loss is unavoidable. This would likely result in increased safety and improved performance during military missions. Support (if any) Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command.

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The Relationships Between Personality, Sleep and the Effects of Sedatives

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.109.461.568 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 109 (461) ◽

pp. 568-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. G. Costello ◽

C. M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Personality Differences ◽

Psychological Functions ◽

The Relationship

A considerable amount of work has been done on the physiology of sleep (Wolstenholme and O'Connor, 1961; Oswald, 1962) and on psychological functions—reaction time, imagery, etc., in relation to sleep and sleep deprivation (Oswald, 1962). But there have been no systematic investigations of the relationship between sleep and personality differences. The purpose of the present study was to test predictions concerning such relationships generated by general theories and by clinical observation.

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Cognition and Alertness in Medical Students: Effects of a Single Night of Partial Sleep Deprivation

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/0972753120965083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Priyadarshini Mishra ◽

Madhuri Panigrahi ◽

D. Ankit

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Medical Students ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Indian Context ◽

Partial Sleep Deprivation ◽

Single Night ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Background: Partial sleep deprivation is common among young adults today. Though multiple studies have stressed on the benefits of having a good sleep, medical students often compromise their sleep due to academic targets and stress. This can lead to changes in attention and cognition. The effects of acute partial sleep deprivation of a single night have been studied less and studies in the past in Indian context have shown controversial results that reaction time is decreased following acute partial sleep deprivation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a single night of partial sleep deprivation on the cognitive status and alertness of medical students in the Indian context and to find out the change in auditory event-related potential (AERP) and psychomotor vigilance of medical students following a single night of partial sleep deprivation. Methods: The study was a before–after experimental trial conducted among 20 medical student volunteers of a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. Baseline psychomotor vigilance task measured by unprepared serial reaction time, and AERP measured by P300, were assessed at baseline (after normal sleep) and after four hours of sleep deprivation (intervention). Results: It was seen that median RT had increased from 320.4 ms to 337.6 ms after acute partial sleep deprivation ( P < .001). P300 and lapses ( P < .05) were also found to increase significantly ( P < .05), while there was significant decrease in correctness ( P < .01). Conclusion: The study concluded that cognition is affected, including alertness and latency, following partial sleep deprivation even for a single night and contradicted earlier results of Indian studies stating variable effect on psychomotor vigilance.

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0171 The Impact of Short-Term Bright Green Light Exposure in Partially Sleep-Deprived Persons

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A67-A68

Author(s):

J J Pilcher ◽

J B Bisson ◽

E J Scircle

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Simple Reaction Time ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Green Light ◽

Light Condition ◽

Cognitive Inhibition ◽

Short Term ◽

Simple Reaction ◽

Bright Green

Abstract Introduction Many workers and students experience regular sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness when they are expected to be performing at their best. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the potential effect of short-term bright green light exposure on daytime performance and sleepiness in partially sleep-deprived persons. Methods Participants were 30 students (19.4±0.89 years; 20 females). On Day 1, participants were loaned a Fitbit to provide an objective measure of activity/sleep and were instructed to sleep no more than 5 hours that night. On Day 2, participants provided information on their sleep time for the previous night and were randomly assigned to a bright light condition (bright green light, 381 Lux) or a standard light condition (control condition, indoor florescent light, 139 Lux). They completed a simple reaction time task, the Arrow Flankers task to measure cognitive inhibition, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale during three testing periods (baseline, after 20 minutes of light exposure, and after 60 minutes of light exposure). Between the testing periods, participants read a non-fiction book while exposed to their respective light condition. At the end of the study, participants returned their FitBit. Results The Fitbit and self-report sleep data indicated that participants slept 4.9 hours the night between Day 1 and Day 2. Mixed 2 (light condition) x 3 (testing period) ANOVAs indicated that the bright green light condition resulted in a significant decrease in reaction time on the Flankers task but had no significant effect on simple reaction time or subjective sleepiness. Conclusion The current findings suggest that 60 minutes of bright green light exposure could improve performance on a cognitive inhibition task. This suggests that bright green light exposure could be a useful countermeasure for cognitive performance decrements in settings where sleep deprivation is common. Support None to report.

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