AN IRANIAN (FARSI) VERSION OF THE TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER INVENTORY: A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON

In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 300 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.

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An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.100.4.1218-1228 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1218-1228

Author(s):

Jörg Richter ◽

Sven Brändström ◽

Habib Emami ◽

Mehdi Ghazinour

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Cross Cultural Comparison ◽

Rotation Method ◽

Iranian Version ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Personality Facets ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

Farsi Version

The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality.

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Cross-cultural comparison of quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)83781-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A759-A759

Author(s):

P ENCK ◽

S KLOSTERHALFEN ◽

M BEHRENS

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Comparison ◽

Cross Cultural Comparison ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie ◽

10.1026/1617-6383.18.4.160 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 160-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Senokozlieva ◽

Oliver Fischer ◽

Gary Bente ◽

Nicole Krämer

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Arab World ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Comparison ◽

Explorative Study ◽

Cross Cultural Comparison ◽

Tv News ◽

The Usa ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

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