The Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale; Psychometric Evaluation of the Iranian Version

Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale (NGS) measures within-person dynamics of grandiose narcissism in both trait- and state-level and makes it possible to evaluate the grandiosity’s oscillations over time.

Psychometric Properties of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in Iranian Population

Background: One of the most common mental health-related issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic is high levels of distress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological well being and conservation of the general population are utterly significant components of facing COVID‑19 pandemic. It seems that despite the availability of highly standardized tools to investigate COVID-19-related anxiety, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) can be helpful in different populations due to its short design. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian (Iranian) version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (P-CAS). Methods: In this web-based cross-sectional study, 305 individuals (184 females vs. 121 males) participated. All participants were evaluated by five questionnaires, including the P-CAS, COVID Stress Scales (CSS), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Whiteley Index (WI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlation coefficient were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 and AMOS-23 software. Results: The results of CFA demonstrated that the factor structure of the P-CAS was good, and the scale had an appropriate internal consistency (α = 0.80). A satisfactory convergent validity was shown due to positive correlations of the P-CAS with the related scales. Test-retest reliability of P-CAS was also satisfactory (r = 0.91). Conclusions: According to our results, the P-CAS is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the severity of dysfunctional anxiety due to COVID-19 pandemic.

A study of depression, partnership and sexual satisfaction in patients with post-traumatic olfactory disorders

Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life. The present study aimed to explore whether PTOD is associated with depression and changes in sexuality. There were two groups in this case–control study. The patient group consisted of patients with PTOD (n = 55), and the control group comprised healthy individuals without the olfactory disorder (n = 115). Olfactory function, depression, partnership, and sexual satisfaction were assessed using the Iranian version of the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Ir-SST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). The BDI scores were higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The SSSW score was lower in the patient group than in controls (p < 0.01), although the ECS score was not significantly different between patients and controls. Also, there was no significant difference in the severity of trauma between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. However, the analysis showed a statistically significant difference in depression scores in connection with the head trauma severity. In the PTOD group, depression was increased and sexual satisfaction declined. Understanding the association of olfactory dysfunction with depression and sexuality allows patients and doctors to deal with less notable consequences of this disorder.

The validity and reliability of Persian version of smartphone addiction questionnaire in Iran

Background Smartphone addiction is one of the most important forms of technology addiction that has attracted the attention of all countries around the world. Many studies have been conducted in Iran on cellphone addiction among different groups. There is a necessity to have a native scale for measuring smartphone addiction in particular. Therefore, this study aimed to localize the smartphone addiction questionnaire in Iran (in the Persian language). Methods To assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS), the questionnaire was first provided based on the standard back-translation method. Next, content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and face validity was evaluated for translated questionnaire. After making the necessary changes, the questionnaire was given to the community samples and was then reviewed using confirmatory factor analysis of questions grouping. Finally, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated by the test-retest method. Results The CVR and CVI values of all questions were within the acceptable range. Only some of the questions in the original SAS version titled Twitter and Facebook were changed to Instagram and telegram according to experts. Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha of 0.951. The mean correlation coefficient between the responses of the subjects, who received the questionnaire twice, was 0.946 (0.938–0.954). The grouping of questions in the subscales was changed from the original SAS version because the fitting indexes, obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis test (for example CMIN/DF greater than 5 units and RMSEA of approximately 0.07), were not acceptable. Conclusion The results showed that the Iranian version of the cellphone addiction questionnaire can be used as a valid, with minimal modification, tool for determining the level of smartphone addiction among Persian speakers.

Bullying and its Effective Factors in Adolescents Aged Between 10 and 18 Years Old: Evidence From a Southeastern Region in Iran, 2020

Background & Objective: Bullying behavior in adolescence as a global and a public health problem is of great interest in adolescence due to mental illness, violence, and tobacco addiction in adulthood. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of both bullying and victim behaviors at all educational levels in Kerman. Methodology: This is a survey study, in which the study population are all students at three educational levels in Kerman. Multi-stage sampling method is used. To investigate the prevalence of bullying behavior, the Iranian version of the questionnaire is used, which is based on the Olweus bullying questionnaire. Results: The bullying rates at elementary, middle school, and high school are estimated at 25.1%, 17.8%, and 39.7%, respectively. Bullying rate is 7.13% among girls and 14.72% among boys. The results of our study show that the most important factors affecting bullying are gender, parental literacy, living with parents, type of school, economic and social status, educational level, and school size. Conclusion: Due to the impact of policies at different educational levels, policymakers should pay special attention to perform bullying control programs at the school level based on the school environment variables, and policies in this area should be designed, reviewed, and modified.

Psychometric Assessment of the Persian Translated Version of the Romantic Perfectionism Scale Among Couples

Romantic perfectionismi can be disruptive to relationships, yet no validated measure for assessing romantic perfectionism in Iranian couples has been developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Romantic Perfectionism Scale (RPS) among Iranian couples. Participants in the study were 200 married men and 320 married women from Tehran, Iran, who completed the translated RPS, the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 online. Item impact scores were used to calculate face validity. Impact score values for all items were greater than 1.5, signaling appropriate face validity.. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were used to measure content validity. Values of the CVI were above the cut-off score of 0.7, implying satisfactory content validity of the items. The CVR values were greater than the Lawshe table (0.78) cut-off score, demonstrating that all items were essential. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using AMOS software was used to evaluate the construct validity. The results of the goodness of fit indices confirmed the RPS with two subscales (i.e., self-oriented romantic perfectionism and other-oriented romantic perfectionism) as per the original scale. All items remained in the scale as all factor loading values were greater than 0.45. The findings showed that the two subscales, and the scale as a whole, had acceptable internal consistency, as the construct reliability values for self-oriented romantic perfectionism (0.81), other-oriented romantic perfectionism (0.72), and the whole scale (0.74) were greater than 0.7. The results support the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the RPS, which could be used by future researchers and clinicians to assess romantic perfectionism in Iranian couples.

Psychometric Properties of the Lasher and Faulkender Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) among Iranian Older Adults

(1) Background: The older adult population of society is exposed to multiple stressors daily, such as the loss of loved ones, dysfunctional mobility, financial dependence, and suffering from numerous chronic illnesses. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Anxiety about Aging Scale among older adults in Iran. (2) Methods: A sample of 703 community-dwelling older adults was recruited and screened using a standardized tool. The mean age of participants was 69.4 ± 8.1 years. The majority of participants were male (59.2%), married (66.6%), and illiterate (79.7%). A ‘forward-backward’ translation method was used in developing the Iranian version of the AAS for assessing the psychometric properties among older adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model were used for construct validity. (3) Results: Applying CFA indicated that the model’s four original factors are the best solution, representing 55% of the total variance. The result of the CFA showed that this four-factor model had a good fit for the data. The findings were also confirmed by Rasch analysis. (4) Conclusions: The Persian version of the AAS is valid and reliable for measuring aging anxiety among Iranian older adults.

Psychometric testing of the Iranian version of the TeamSTEPPS teamwork perception questionnaire: a cross-cultural validation study

Background The use of validated questionnaires to assess the perception of teamwork can be an early step in improving team training activities. Team-STEPPS® Teamwork Perception Questionnaire (T-TPQ) has been adapted and validated for hospital setting use in several countries. Due to linguistic and cultural differences, there is need to test the psychometrics of the adapted versions. However, no research have not yet assessed the psychometric properties of the Persian T-TPQ. Therefore, this study aims to assess the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of an Iranian version of the Team-STEPPS® Teamwork Perception Questionnaire (IR-T-TPQ). Methods To conduct this study, we undertook a cross-sectional survey approach between May 2020 and January 2021. In total, 404 nurses were recruited by convenience sampling technique from 10 teaching hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Internal consistency reliability was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity of the instrument. Results Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for each subscale were acceptable, ranging from 0.84 to 0.92, as well as for the total IR-T-TPQ (α = 0.96). The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a five-factor model, all of whose fit indices were acceptable, except for the goodness-of-fit index and normed fit index (χ2 (df) 1332 (550), p < 0.001, Normed chi-square (χ2/df) = 2.423, RMSEA = 0.059, TLI = 0.897, CFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.814). Conclusions The psychometric properties of the IR-T-TPQ resulted in acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability and construct validity, respectively, in Iranian hospital nurses. Further study is needed to compare the teamwork level of nurses in various settings or to evaluate the effectiveness of the teamwork intervention using this validated and reliable tool.