Behavior during Extended Exposure to a Multiple Fixed-Interval Adjusting Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
John J. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Response Rates ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Ratio Requirement ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Preceding Interval ◽  
Interval Ratio ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Ratio Response

Three pigeons were exposed to a multiple FI 2 adjusting ratio schedule of reinforcement for periods up to 218 sessions. The ratio requirement was equal to the number of responses in the preceding interval. Ratio response rates varied between those normally found with VR schedules and patterns of responding similar to those produced by FI contingencies.

Increasing Slowed Operant Responding of Schizophrenics under a Fixed-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
Harold Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio Schedule ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Minimum Number

Two procedures were evaluated in terms of their ability to modify the slowed responding of schizophrenics under an FR 40 schedule. FR 40 response rates increased when schizophrenics were instructed to earn a minimum number of reinforcements or to imitate the rate of responding of someone shown earning that minimum number of reinforcements. The greater increase in FR 40 responding occurred under the latter procedure.

Fixed Interval Schedules and Delay of Reinforcement

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Response Rates ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Delayed Reinforcement ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule ◽  
Considerable Similarity ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Delay Of Reinforcement

In a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement the only responses to be reinforced are those made when a certain time interval has elapsed since the previous reinforcement. The behaviour of three rats on such a schedule was compared with their behaviour on a schedule where a response made at any time during the interval was reinforced by setting up a reward which was delivered when the interval had elapsed. Response rates were higher in the ordinary fixed interval schedule than in its modified version, and it is argued that this rules out attempts to explain the maintenance of fixed interval performance by delayed reinforcement. Despite the clear difference in response rates, there was considerable similarity between the post-reinforcement pauses developed in the two schedules, and this suggests that pausing is influenced more by temporal than by response contingencies.

Behavioural Contrast in Discrete-Trial Discriminations: Effects of Non-Reinforcement

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan M. Macphail
Keyword(s):  
Response Rates ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Frustration Theory ◽  
Simultaneous Discrimination ◽  
Positive Trial ◽  
Discrete Trial ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Frequent Response ◽  
Critical Requirement

Six pigeons performed an acquisition and three reversals of a discrete trial simultaneous discrimination in which responses to the positive key were reinforced on a fixed-interval 5-s schedule; trials were terminated by either a response to the negative key or the delivery of a reinforcement. In the initial stage of acquisition and each reversal, where errors were most frequent, response rates rose and latencies fell on positive trials; these effects declined as errors decreased. The birds were also run in two yoked control conditions, and results showed that the critical requirement for the positive trial rate and latency changes was neither the simultaneous presentation of two stimuli nor the formation of a discrimination, but the occurrence of non-reinforced responses. The similarity of these phenomena to conventional behavioural contrast is emphasized, and the results are discussed in terms of frustration theory.

Reserpine and the Partial Reinforcement Effect in the Fish Tilapia H. Macrocephala

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Haralson ◽  
Joseph J. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule ◽  
Free Operant

A strong partial reinforcement effect was produced in 20 fish trained to a free operant striking response by injection of reserpine before extinction of the response. This was interpreted as a result of inhibition of responding during extinction of 20 Ss trained on a consistent schedule of reinforcement rather than facilitation of responding in Ss trained on a .4 variable ratio schedule of reinforcement.

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