Effects of Diphenylhydantoin on Behavior Maintained by a Multiple Schedule of Food Reinforcement

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Gary F. Meunier ◽  
Robert B. Fischer ◽  
Dallas Mulvaney
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Schedule ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement

Two white Carneaux pigeons were trained to peck for mixed grain according to a multiple fixed-ratio 50, variable-interval 30-sec schedule of reinforcement. After the rate of responding stabilized, the pigeons were given weekly doses of diphenylhydantoin or an equal volume vehicle Diphenylhydantoin produced a lengthening of the pre-ratio pause and general disintegration of responding during the FR component and a decreased rate of responding in the VI component.

Facilitated Recovery from Punishment-Induced Suppression

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene R. Moss ◽  
James B. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Discriminative Stimulus ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Free Feeding ◽  
Low Rate

14 rats were maintained at 80% of their free-feeding weights and trained to press a bar on a chained variable-interval 1/2 fixed-ratio 20 schedule of reinforcement. In Exp. I a discriminative stimulus paired with the ratio component of the chain was shown to control a high rate of responding. In Exp. II, it was demonstrated that this stimulus, when superimposed on a stimulus which had been associated with punishment and therefore controlled a low rate of bar-pressing, facilitated recovery from the effects of punishment.

Response Patterning under Fixed-Ratio Punishment

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Variable Interval Schedule ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
First Response ◽  
Response Patterning

Punishment with various intensities of bar shock of every 2nd, 4th, or 8th response by rhesus monkeys was studied against a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. Negatively accelerated response rates between punishments appeared as shock intensity increased. Increasing the intensity of punishment increased the latency of the first response after food reinforcement more than the latencies of other responses. The interaction of punishment with time since last reinforcement may indicate that response strength on unpunished variable-interval schedules increases between reinforcements.

Schedule-Induced Polydipsia in the Rhesus Monkey

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Schuster ◽  
James H. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Food Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Schedule Change

Four rhesus monkeys were allowed water, which was continuously available on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR-1) schedule of reinforcement, and food, which was available on differing reinforcement schedules. In Exp. 1, water intake greatly increased when the food schedule was changed from continuous reinforcement to a variable-interval schedule. In Exp. 2, when the same schedule change was employed but the number of food reinforcements was held constant, the water intake increased as in Exp. 1. In Exp. 3, a fixed-ratio 25 (FR-25) schedule of food reinforcement was employed in which a total of approximately 80 food pellets were divided among 4, 8, 16, or 24 periods per 24-hr. session. Water intake was related linearly to the increase in the number of food periods. Since water responding took place only after the FR-25 food periods, it was argued that the schedule-induced polydipsia observed was not due to accidental chaining.

Response-Reinforcer Relationships in Variable Delay and Non-Contingent Schedules of Reinforcement

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Lachter
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Schedule ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Variable Delay ◽  
Random Interval ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Delay Component

Following 30 sessions of training on a 60-sec. random-interval schedule of reinforcement, 2 pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule containing non-contingent and variable delay components that provided equal frequencies of reinforcement. The introduction of the multiple schedule resulted in decreased response rare in both components, with a higher rate maintained under the variable delay. Post-reinforcement pauses were systematically increased during the non-contingent schedule, but no systematic increases in pause duration were noted for the variable delay component.

scholarly journals The Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Prazosin Reduces Binge-Like Eating in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Callum Hicks ◽  
Valentina Sabino ◽  
Pietro Cottone
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Binge-eating disorder is a pervasive addiction-like disorder that is defined by excessive and uncontrollable consumption of food within brief periods of time. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of the brain noradrenergic system in binge-like eating through the use of the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. Methods: For this purpose, we employed a limited access model whereby male Wistar rats were allowed to nosepoke for either chow (Chow rats) or a sugary, highly palatable food (Palatable rats) for 1 h/day. The effects of prazosin (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) were tested in a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) and progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. Results: The results show that prazosin preferentially reduced the responses for palatable food in a FR1 reinforcement schedule; when tested in a PR schedule of reinforcement, prazosin increased breakpoint in both Chow and Palatable rats, but more potently and more efficaciously in the latter. Our results suggest that prazosin treatment preferentially increased the motivational properties of the palatable diet. Conclusions: The current findings provide the characterization of the effects of prazosin on binge-like eating and offer support to the existing literature showing the important role of the noradrenergic system in addiction-like behavior.

Effects of Pairing Electric Shock with Reinforcement Delivered on a Variable-Interval Schedule

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Doleys ◽  
Robert S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Variable Interval Schedule ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Response Facilitation

Gradually increased electric shock was superimposed on responding maintained on a VI 60-sec. schedule of reinforcement. Shock was contingent upon the reinforcement producing response and preceded reinforcement delivery. Following total response suppression, shock was removed and then reintroduced at selected intensities. The previously observed monotonic linear relationship between rate of responding and shock intensity was not recorded. Rather, post-reinforcement response bursts and two distinct patterns of response facilitation emerged.

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