Out-of-Body Experience Status as a Moderator of Effects of Narcissism on Paranormal Beliefs

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Tobacyk ◽  
Thomas E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Out Of Body Experience ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Belief Scale

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Paranormal Belief Scale were given to 383 college students. As hypothesized, significant but small direct correlations were obtained between narcissism and belief in Psi and in Precognition. When the sample was divided into those 56 who reported out-of-body experiences and 327 nonreporters, an interaction emerged. Among the former, narcissism showed significant moderate correlations with belief in Psi, Precognition, Witchcraft, and Superstition. Among the latter only one small significant relationship was found between narcissism and Precognition. These differential relationships between narcissism and paranormal beliefs for reporters and nonreporters of out-of-body experiences were interpreted in terms of schemata theory.

Paranormal Beliefs and Beliefs about Lunar Effects

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Tobacyk ◽  
James E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Lunar Effects

The Belief in Lunar Effects scale and the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale were given to 102 college students and 87 crisis center workers. Similar patterns of correlations between these scales were recorded for both samples. Belief in Lunar Effects scale scores showed significant direct correlations with belief in Psi, Extraordinary Life Forms, Witchcraft, Spiritualism, and Precognition.

Paranormal Beliefs, Alienation and Anomie in College Students

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 844-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Tobacyk
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale

The Paranormal Belief Scale, Alienation Scale, and Anomie Scale were given to 168 college students. Significant hypothesized relationships linked belief in Superstition with greater alienation and anomie and greater belief in Spiritualism with greater alienation. No evidence was found that greater Traditional Religious Belief was associated with significantly less alienation or anomie.

Paranormal Beliefs, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Interest

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Tobacyk
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Trust Scale

The Paranormal Belief Scale, Interpersonal Trust Scale, and Social Interest Scale were administered to 60 college students. No significant correlations were obtained between interpersonal trust and paranormal beliefs. Social Interest, as hypothesized, showed a significant direct correlation with Traditional Religious Belief as well as significant inverse correlations with both Psi Belief and Spiritualism.

Paranormal Beliefs of Latvian College Students: A Latvian Version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Utinans ◽  
G. Ancane ◽  
J. J. Tobacyk ◽  
G. Boyraz ◽  
M. M. Livingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale

Narcissism and Belief in the Paranormal

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Roe ◽  
Claire L. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Life After Death ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to assess whether the relationship between narcissistic personality and paranormal belief identified by Tobacyk and Mitchell earlier could be replicated with a general population and to see whether the effect could be found with a narrower definition of paranormal beliefs that focuses only on belief in psychic phenomena. 75 participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and two measures of paranormal belief, the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Australian Sheep–Goat Scale. There was no correlation between narcissism and Paranormal Belief Scale scores, but narcissism and Australian Sheep–Goat Scale scores were significantly positively correlated. Of the three subscales to the Australian Sheep–Goat measure, scores for narcissism correlated with belief in ESP and PK but not in Life after death. These relationships were interpreted in terms of need for control.

Cognitive Complexity and Paranormal Beliefs

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Jerome Tobacyk
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Construct System

110 college students were given the Paranormal Belief Scale and a 10 (people) × 15 (constructs) form of Kelly's (1955) Role Construct Repertory Grid from which a measure of cognitive complexity (differentiation of the person's personal construct system) was derived. Contrary to hypothesis, no relationship was found between cognitive complexity scores and endorsement of paranormal beliefs.

Paranormal Belief and Trait Anxiety

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Tobacyk
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Belief Scale

73 college students completed the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Trait Anxiety Scale. Contrary to hypotheses, neither full Paranormal Scale Scores nor any of seven paranormal subscale scores showed significant correlations with Trait Anxiety Scale scores. These findings support the notion that paranormal beliefs are not associated with less adequate adjustment.

Hindsight and Confirmation Biases in an Exercise in Telepathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Rudski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Undergraduate College Students

Belief in the paranormal or claims of paranormal experiences may be, at least in part, associated with systematic cognitive biases. 48 undergraduate college students engaged in an exercise in telepathy in which the color of cards was ‘sent’ to them by the experimenter under two conditions. In a Hindsight-possible condition, participants recorded whether their choice was correct following the revelation of the color. In the Control condition participants committed to a particular response by writing it down before receiving feedback, thus eliminating ability to alter retrospectively what ‘was known all along’. Consistent with a hindsight bias, participants performed significantly better under the Hindsight-possible condition. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was found between paranormal belief assessed on Tobacyk's 1988 Revised Paranormal Belief Scale in the Hindsight-possible but not in the Control condition, suggesting a confirmation bias. Results are discussed in terms of interactions between hindsight and confirmation biases and how they might relate to paranormal beliefs.

Paranormal Beliefs and Religiosity: Chinese Version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Jong Shiah ◽  
Ming-Hsun Wu ◽  
Wai-Cheong Carl Tam ◽  
Frances Chang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Chinese Religions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Belief Scale

This paper reports an initial study investigating the relations of paranormal beliefs with religiosity in a Chinese sample, as well as the development of a Chinese version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and a test of its psychometric properties with 310 college students (5.5% Christians, 21.3% Buddhists, 61% believers in traditional Chinese religions, and 12% atheists). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version were satisfactory. In general, traditional Chinese religious believers had higher scores on paranormal belief than did Christians and atheists, and the mean total score of the Chinese participants was higher than previously reported in a Western sample. It was concluded that the greater involvement of practitioners of traditional Chinese religions in activities emphasizing paranormal experiences might contribute to their greater paranormal belief, especially as compared to the minority Christian group. The results are consistent with the idea that Christianity may offer the least support for paranormal belief.

Paranormal Beliefs and Preference for Games of Chance

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1088-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Tobacyk ◽  
Lamar V. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Games Of Chance ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The Paranormal Belief Scale and six items concerning preference for games of chance were completed by 235 college students. As hypothesized, significant Pearson correlations were found for beliefs in Superstition, Psi, and Precognition with preference for games of chance.

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