Effect of Word Familiarity on Long-Term Recency

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Distractor Condition ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Word Familiarity ◽  
Recall Paradigm

This experiment examined the effect of word familiarity on recency effects in two paradigms, the immediate recency effect in the immediate free-recall paradigm and the long-term recency effect in the continuous-distractor paradigm. Subjects studied word lists. In the immediate free-recall condition, words were presented continuously, and subjects were asked for free recall immediately after presentation of each list. In the continuous-distractor condition, each word was followed by a summation task of 30 sec. After the last summation task for each list, subjects were asked for free recall. Familiarity influenced immediate recency and long-term recency in the same way. This result suggests that the same mechanisms underlie immediate recency and long-term recency effect

Recency Effects and Distinctiveness of Position/Order Information

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Distractor Condition ◽  
Item Information ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Serial Position Curves ◽  
Recall Paradigm

Temporal retrieval theory argues that both short-term and long-term recency effects reflect the distinctiveness of position/order information of recent items. The present study tested this proposal in both the standard immediate free-recall paradigm and the continuous-distractor paradigm. Serial-position curves of item information learned intentionally were compared to those of position/order information learned incidentally. In the immediate condition, similar recency effects were observed for item and position/order information; the correlation of item recency with position/order recency was significant. In the continuous-distractor condition, although significant recency effects were observed for item and position/order information, the correlation between them was low. These results suggest that the distinctiveness of position/order information contributes to short-term recency effects but not to long-term recency effects.

Primacy and Recency Effects in Immediate Free Recall of Sequences of Spatial Positions

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bonanni ◽  
Patrizio Pasqualetti ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Curve ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Task Requirement ◽  
Recall Paradigm

This study evaluated the serial position curve based on free recall of spatial position sequences. To evaluate the memory processes underlying spatial recall, some manipulations were introduced by varying the length of spatial sequences (Exp. 1) and modifying the presentation rate of individual positions (Exp. 2). A primacy effect emerged for all sequence lengths, while a recency effect was evident only in the longer sequences. Moreover, slowing the presentation rate increased the magnitude of the primacy effect and abolished the recency effect. The main novelty of the present results is represented by the finding that better recall of early items in a sequence of spatial positions does not depend on the task requirement of an ordered recall but it can also be observed in a free recall paradigm.

Effect of Recall Order on Long-Term Recency

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
Koichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Recall Order ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Recall Paradigm

The effect of recall order on long-term recency effects in the continuous-distractor paradigm was investigated. Each list contained a series of pairs, each of a word and a number. In a recall session, subjects were given the numbers as probes and recalled the words paired with the numbers. Long-term recency effects were largely reduced when subjects recalled words from the primacy portion prior to other words, as in the case of short-term recency effects observed in the immediate-recall paradigm. These results suggest that the same mechanisms underlie the short-term and the long-term recency effects.

Time-Sharing in the Continuous Distractor Paradigm: A Reexamination of the Long-Term Recency Effect

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Word List ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recency Effects

Long-term recency effects observed in the continuous distractor paradigm are often taken as evidence against the short-term store account of recency effects. In the present study, three experiments examined the function of time-sharing process in the continuous distractor paradigm. In the first two experiments, the effect of distractor difficulty on long-term recency was investigated with easy and hard distractor tasks. Distractor difficulty was manipulated in the recency portion and in the retention interval of a nine-word list and a hard distractor task eliminated long-term recency effects. In Exp. 3, distractor difficulty was manipulated across the first and the second halves of the retention interval. Long-term recency effects were larger if the first half of the retention interval contained an easy distractor task and the second half a hard task than if the order was hard-easy. These results indicate that subjects maintain recent items in short-term store and then transfer them to a long-term store by the time-sharing process during a distraction period. Long-term recency effects to a large extent depend on this time-sharing process.

Long-Term Recency Effects in Free Recall

1977 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Aldridge ◽  
Michael T. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recency Effects

Free Recall among the Aged

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth J. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Recall Paradigm

The present study was undertaken in order to examine output from short-term storage (STS) and long-term storage (LTS) in elderly Ss using a free-recall paradigm. Contrary to the widespread belief that aged Ss have difficulty recalling recent information, the data indicated no deterioration in recall from STS although recall from LTS was considerably less than is usually demonstrated in free-recall studies.

“Experimental Amnesia” Induced by Emotional Items

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Angelini ◽  
F. Capozzoli ◽  
P. Lepore ◽  
D. Grossi ◽  
A. Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Tulving described an effect of retrograde amnesia in a free-recall task of word lists, produced by inserting items having priority in recall. Other authors confirmed the amnesic effect without giving instructions for priority both in recall and in recognition tasks. The effect was explained by Tulving as a premature termination of encoding processes. The similarity between these experiments and the researches aimed at reproducing amnesia by emotional trauma led us to hypothesize that the two phenomena might be due to the same functional mechanisms. We have organized a free-recall task of word lists into which emotional items were inserted. Our aim was to verify whether with these experimental conditions Tulving's results would be reproduced. The obtained data show amnesic effects in free recall; nevertheless, they do not seem to confirm closely the experimental hypothesis. Lastly, changes in primacy and recency effects produced by emotional items are analyzed.

Free Recall and Rehearsal Strategies in Average and Severely Disabled Readers

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah N. Bauserman ◽  
John E. Obrzut
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Rehearsal Strategies ◽  
Elaborative Rehearsal ◽  
Disabled Readers ◽  
Average Readers

Free recall and rehearsal strategies were investigated in 43 boys and 24 girls in fifth and sixth grades; they were 18 average and 49 severely disabled readers. Memory abilities were measured by recall in the overt recall condition in a written free-recall test of three lists of 20 words each that required second-grade reading ability or less. Average readers performed better than severely disabled readers in terms of total recall and long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal strategies rather than non-elaborative rehearsal strategies (repetition only) discriminated between the two groups. The organizational ability represented in elaborative rehearsal strategies was the hypothesized mechanism responsible for the better long-term memory and total recall observed in average readers.

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