Relationships between Type a Behavior, Narcissism, and Maternal Closeness for College Students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China

The authors examined the relationships between Type A behavior and narcissism based on scores of college students in Japan, the United States of America, and the People's Republic of China. The scores on narcissism and Type A behavior differed significantly across the groups, being highest among the Chinese. In all three groups, the Type A scores were significantly and positively correlated with the scores on narcissism, and the latter were significantly and negatively correlated with the scores of mother's care. We refer in this study to cross-cultural comparisons from viewpoints of sociocultural and psychological family structure.