DISTRIBUTIONS BY AGE AND SEX OF THE DIMENSIONS OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER INVENTORY IN A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE AMONG SWEDEN, GERMANY, AND THE USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN BRANDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Age And Sex

Distributions by Age and Sex of the Dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Biosocial Theory ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Age And Sex

Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, Germany, and the USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his coworkers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant effects of age, sex, and culture in univeriate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.

Further Development of the Temperament and Character Inventory

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Per-Olof Nylander
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Procrustes Rotation ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Structural Equivalence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.

Assessing Personality: The Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Comparison between Germany, Sweden, and the USA

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1315-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Factor Congruence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa

In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 300 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.

Cross-cultural validation of the revised temperament and character inventory in the Bulgarian language

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Tilov ◽  
Donka Dimitrova ◽  
Maria Stoykova ◽  
Bianka Tornjova ◽  
Gergana Foreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Cultural Validation

scholarly journals Claps and claptrap: The analysis of speaker-audience interaction in political speeches

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bull
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Audience Interaction ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Audience Responses ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Video And Audio

Significant insights have been gained into how politicians interact with live audiences through the detailed microanalysis of video and audio recordings, especially of rhetorical techniques used by politicians to invite applause. The overall aim of this paper is to propose a new theoretical model of speaker-audience interaction in set-piece political speeches, based on the concept of dialogue between speaker and audience. Research is reviewed not only on applause, but also on other audience responses, such as laughter, cheering, chanting, and booing. Research is also reviewed on other factors besides rhetorical devices, in particular, delivery, speech content, and uninvited applause. Although these analyses are based primarily on British speeches, they also include recent studies of speeches delivered in both Japan and the USA. This cross-cultural perspective, it is proposed, provides significant insights into the role of political rhetoric in speaker-audience interaction, which may be usefully conceptualized in terms of broader cross-cultural differences between collectivist and individualist societies.

Personality differences according to age and sex in a Mexican sample using the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Fresán ◽  
Rebeca Robles-García ◽  
Alberto López-Avila ◽  
Claude Robert Cloninger
Keyword(s):  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Age And Sex

Verbal Techniques of the Language of Tourism Across Cultures

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Elena Manca
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Comparable Corpora ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Usa

This paper aims to analyse the verbal techniques which are more frequently used in tourism discourse, that is to say comparison, key words and keying, testimony, languaging, and ego-targeting (Dann, 1996). In order to do that, five official websites have been chosen for analysis, namely the websites which promote the USA, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and Italy as tourist destinations. The linguistic content available on these websites has been downloaded and five comparable corpora have been assembled and analysed through WordSmith Tool 6.0 software for linguistic analysis (Scott, 2012). The methodological approach adopted combines the Corpus Linguistics approach with Cross-cultural studies models, in order to extract quantitative data and to interpret them from a linguistic and cultural perspective (Manca, 2016a). The aim of these analyses is to show that, although these techniques are all peculiar of tourism discourse, they are employed with different frequencies by the five languages/cultures with relevant implications for cross-cultural tourist communication.

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