Chromosome Aberrations Produced by Mestranol in Human Lymphocyte Cultures

Abstract In this investigation, the genotoxic properties of mestranol were examined in vitro. Human lymphocyte cultures were exposed for 72 h to mestranol at concentrations of 7.5, 15 and 30 µg/g. The genotoxic effects of the chemosterilant were assessed by numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. Mestranol induced certain genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. There was a dose-dependent significant (p<0.01) increase in the number of numerical aberrations in comparison to the control, but without significant differences (p>0.05) between the doses applied. Further, structural aberrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in the presence of mestranol, being most frequent in cultures exposed to the highest mestranol dose. The frequency of Robertsonian translocations increased significantly only in cultures treated with mestranol at concentration of 30 µg/g in comparison both with the control (p<0.01) and the lowest chemosterilant dose (p<0.01). There were significant differences (p<0.01) in the levels of chromosome gaps and fragments compared to Robertsonian translocations, whilst the frequencies between gaps and fragments were not significantly different (p>0.05).

Download Full-text

IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES CULTURES

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v6i6.692 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

M. Kinan Aljaja ◽

Adawia Kitaz ◽

Raghda Lahdo

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Peer Review ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Human Lymphocyte ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Lymphocyte Cultures

Background: Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina are medicinal plants grown in Syria and commonly used in traditional medicine. Such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the genotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied. Aim and objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures model by evaluating the cell proliferation, determination of mitotic index (MI), and their effects on chromosomes. Methods: the hydroethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. Then the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures was conducting by determination of mitotic index (MI). Results: the results showed that all three plants decreased non-significantly the mean of mitotic index in comparison with negative control (normal MI) (p>0.05) at concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) and the mitotic index values ranged was between (2.25±0.07 and 3.3±0.28). However, C. verutum showed the lowest mitotic index (3±0.14 at 1 mg/ml) and (2.25±0.07 at 5 mg/ml), and did not induce chromatid or chromosome breaks or gaps. Conclusion: these preliminary results on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these plants provide valuable information about the safety of using them in alternative medicine. Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2021; Revised: 13 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected] Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Similar Articles: A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Download Full-text

Genotoxic Effects Induced by Fotemustine and Vinorelbine in Human Lymphocytes

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-11-1220 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (11-12) ◽

pp. 903-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Serap Çelikler ◽

Rahmi Bilaloğlu ◽

Nilüfer Aydemir

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Index ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Vinca Alkaloid ◽

Test Group ◽

Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽

Specific Response ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro genotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs fotemustine and vinorelbine on human lymphocytes and to determine individual and sex-related responses to these drugs. Fotemustine is a DNA-alkylating drug while vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic Vinca alkaloid. The study was carried out with twenty independent healthy donors for each drug. We have tested the ability of these drugs to induce chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) as well as effect on the mitotic index (MI) in cultured human lymphocytes. Fotemustine was shown to induce CAs and SCEs at all concentrations tested (2, 4 and 8 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally it also decreased the mitotic index in a similar dose-dependent manner. Vinorelbine had no effect on structural CAs, but it significantly increased the numerical CAs at all doses tested (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml). Vinorelbine also induced SCE events and increased the MI values. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare the individual and gender-related susceptibilities to fotemustine and vinorelbine with respect to the CA, SCE and MI values. The results indicated that individuals in fotemustine treatment groups showed different genotoxic responses with respect to CA and SCE induction and additional findings indicated a gender-specific response in this group. Individuals in the vinorelbine test group also exhibited statistically significant numerical CA, SCE and MI responses to vinorelbine. A statistically significant gender-related SCE response to this drug was also evident. This study indicates that these drugs have potentially harmful effects on human health.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth Extract in Human Lymphocytes and Gr-M Melanoma Cells in vitro

Genetics & Applications ◽

10.31383/ga.vol2iss1pp25-31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anja Haverić ◽

Jasmina Čakar ◽

Maida Hadžić ◽

Sanin Haverić

Keyword(s):

Human Lymphocyte ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Melanoma Cells ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Lymphocyte Cultures ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Normal Human ◽

Cytome Assay

Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth. is an endemic species of Lamiacea family that includes frequently used plants in culinary and folk medicine. As cytotoxic potential of some species of Micromeria genus has been confirmed, this study aimed to test unknown antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of M. pulegium, endemic bh species, aqueous leaf extract in normal (human lymphocytes) and cancer (human melanoma GR-M) cells in order to protect small populations of native M. pulegium populations or promote its controlled micropropagation or cultivation. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay was applied for human lymphocyte cultures, while trypan blue exclusion assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity in human GR-M melanoma cells. Results demonstrate no genotoxic effects up to concentration of 0.2 mg/ml in human lymphocyte in vitro but significant reduction of cell viability in human GR-M melanoma cell line cultures treated with 0.3 mg/ml of Micromeria extract.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Delphinidin and Luteolin Genotoxicity in Human Lymphocyte Culture

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2015.248 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasmin Ezić ◽

Amina Kugić ◽

Maida Hadžić ◽

Anja Haverić ◽

Kasim Bajrović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Human Lymphocyte ◽

Chromosome Aberrations ◽

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Lymphocyte Culture ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Genotoxic Potential

Introduction: Bioflavonoids delphinidin (2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol) and luteolin (2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) have been recognized as promising antioxidants and anticancer substances. Due to their extensive use, the goal of the research was to determine whether they have any genotoxic potential in vitro.Methods: Analysis of genotoxic potential was performed applying chromosome aberrations test in human lymphocyte culture, as this kind of research was not conducted abundantly for these two bioflavonoids. Delphinidin and luteolin were dissolved in DMSO and added to cultures in final concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 μM.Results: In human lymphocytes cultures Delphinidin induced PCDs in all treatments, potentially affecting the cell cycle and topoisomerase II activity. In concentration of 50 μM luteolin showed strong genotoxic effects and caused significant reduction of cell proliferation.Conclusion: Luteolin exhibited certain genotoxic and cytostatic potential. Delphinidin was not considered genotoxic, however its impact on mitosis, especially topoisomerase II activity, was revealed.

Download Full-text

Combined and Individual Effects of Isoniazid and Thiacetazone on Human Lymphocyte Chromosomes in vitro and in vivo

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718400300502 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Madhuri Jaju ◽

Manjula Jaju ◽

Y.R. Ahuja

Keyword(s):

Human Lymphocyte ◽

Sister Chromatid ◽

Chromosome Aberrations ◽

Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽

The Body ◽

Chromosome Damage ◽

Lymphocyte Cultures ◽

Chromatid Exchanges

1 Genetic effects of the drugs, isoniazid and thiacetazone used for antituberculosis chemotherapy were investigated on human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro and in vivo. 2. Therapeutic concentrations of these drugs did not induce chromosome aberrations in vitro both in combination and individually during any of the treatment period in 72 h lymphocyte cultures. At higher concentrations both the drugs were found to be cytotoxic. 3 The frequency of chromosome damage was increased significantly in first-division metaphases of the patients, i.e. in vivo during treatment with isoniazid (300 mg) + thiacetazone (150 mg); this could be due to the synergistic action between the metabolites of the two drugs in the body or due to the metabolites of thiacetazone since isoniazid was found to be nonclastogenic in vivo. 4 The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was not increased in any of the patients except in one, who probably had a higher baseline level. These results suggest that chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges represent two different lesions. 5 Chromosome damage induced by drugs could lead to congenital malformations, cancer, ageing and therefore contributes to the overall toxicology of the drugs and hazard to human genetic health. Hence drugs like isoniazid and thiacetazone which induce chromosome damage, should be used with caution.

Download Full-text

Elimination of Chromosome Aberrations from Human Lymphocytes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v27.5.706.706 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 706-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

AMOS NORMAN ◽

M. S. SASAKI ◽

R. E. OTTOMAN ◽

A. G. FINGERHUT

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Chromosome Aberrations ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Average Lifetime ◽

Structural Aberrations ◽

Chromosome Fragments ◽

Stable Frequency ◽

Normal Women ◽

Single Exponential

Abstract The frequency of chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of 36 hematologically normal women who had received radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma was measured. The decrease with time in the frequency of cells with acentric fragments, of cells with a single dicentric, and of quasidiploid cells can each be represented by a single exponential with an average lifetime, respectively, of 530 ± 64 days, 788 ± 98 days, and 5.55 ± 1.23 x 103 days. Aneuploid cells fall into two classes: One contains no chromosomes with structural aberrations and shows a stable frequency of about 5.8 per cent; the other contains chromosomes with structural aberrations and is eliminated at the same rate as cells with acentric chromosome fragments. The distribution of dicentrics among the lymphocytes at the end of the radiation therapy period is similar to that shown by a population of lymphocytes exposed in vitro to a single dose of about 300 rads.

Download Full-text

Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2763 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 116-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽

Sandra Gómez-Arroyo ◽

Juana Sánchez-Alarcón ◽

Mirta Milić ◽

José Luis Gómez Olivares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Human Lymphocyte ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Lymphocyte Culture ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Cellular Death ◽

Lymphocyte Cultures ◽

Animal Metabolism

AbstractThis study evaluated direct and metabolic genotoxic effects caused by Lannate-90®, a methomyl-based formulation (90 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures using sister chromatid exchange assay (SCE). Two processes were used for the plant promutagens evaluation: in vivo activation, applying the insecticide systemically in plants for 4 h and subsequently adding plant metabolites containing extracts to lymphocyte cultures; and in vitro activation, where the insecticide was incubated with Vicia faba S10 mix plus human lymphocyte culture. Direct treatment with the insecticide significantly increased SCE frequency in human lymphocytes (250-750 mgL−1), with cellular death observed at 1000 mgL−1 concentration. Using the extracts of Vicia faba treated with Lannate-90® to treat human lymphocytes, a dose-response relationship was observed. In lymphocyte cultures treated directly with the insecticide for 2 h, a negative response was obtained. When S10 mix was added, SCE frequency did not change significantly. Meanwhile, a mixture of S9 mammalian metabolic mix and Lannate-90® increased the SCE frequency, with an observed concentration-dependent response. Although Lannate-90® induced cellular death at the highest concentrations, it did not cause a delay in cell proliferation in any of the treatments, confirming its genotoxic action. This study is one of the first to evaluate and compare the direct effect of Lannate-90® in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.

Download Full-text