scholarly journals Genotoxic Effects Induced by Fotemustine and Vinorelbine in Human Lymphocytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Çelikler ◽  
Rahmi Bilaloğlu ◽  
Nilüfer Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Vinca Alkaloid ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro genotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs fotemustine and vinorelbine on human lymphocytes and to determine individual and sex-related responses to these drugs. Fotemustine is a DNA-alkylating drug while vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic Vinca alkaloid. The study was carried out with twenty independent healthy donors for each drug. We have tested the ability of these drugs to induce chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) as well as effect on the mitotic index (MI) in cultured human lymphocytes. Fotemustine was shown to induce CAs and SCEs at all concentrations tested (2, 4 and 8 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally it also decreased the mitotic index in a similar dose-dependent manner. Vinorelbine had no effect on structural CAs, but it significantly increased the numerical CAs at all doses tested (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml). Vinorelbine also induced SCE events and increased the MI values. Two-way analyses of variance were used to compare the individual and gender-related susceptibilities to fotemustine and vinorelbine with respect to the CA, SCE and MI values. The results indicated that individuals in fotemustine treatment groups showed different genotoxic responses with respect to CA and SCE induction and additional findings indicated a gender-specific response in this group. Individuals in the vinorelbine test group also exhibited statistically significant numerical CA, SCE and MI responses to vinorelbine. A statistically significant gender-related SCE response to this drug was also evident. This study indicates that these drugs have potentially harmful effects on human health.

scholarly journals The Effects of Taurine on Permethrininduced Cytogenetic and Oxidative Damage in Cultured Human Lymphocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Turkez ◽  
Elanur Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Effects

The Effects of Taurine on Permethrininduced Cytogenetic and Oxidative Damage in Cultured Human LymphocytesPermethrin (PM) is a common pyrethroid pesticide used to control pests in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, health care, homes, and textile industry. It is confirmed as a strong mutagen in animals and humans. Taurine (TA) is an amino acid found in mammalian tissues that protects the cell against DNA damage. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation of human lymphocyte cultures with TA (in the concentrations of 25 μg mL-1, 50 μg mL-1and 100 μg mL-1) provided any protection against PM toxicity applied in the concentration of 200 μg mL-1. Genotoxicity was assessed using the micronucleus (MN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) tests. In addition, we measured the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in the plasma to determine oxidative effects. PM increased SCE and MN levels and altered TAC and TOS levels. TA alone did not affect SCE and MN levels compared to controls, regardless of the concentration applied. In addition, it increased TAC levels without changing TOS levels. Moreover, it significantly buffered the negative cytogenetic and oxidative effects induced by PM in a clear dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study is the first to evidence the beneficial effects of TA against PM-induced DNA and oxidative damagesin vitro.

scholarly journals Activation effects of a prion protein fragment [PrP-(106-126)] on human leucocytes*

1996 ◽  
Vol 320 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa DIOMEDE ◽  
Silvano SOZZANI ◽  
Walter LUINI ◽  
Marina ALGERI ◽  
Luca DE GIOIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Prion Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Membrane Microviscosity ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
O2 Production

Prion-related encephalopathies are characterized by the intracerebral accumulation of an abnormal isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) named scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). The pathological forms of this protein and its cellular precursor are not only expressed in the brain but also, at lower concentrations, in peripheral tissues. We recently showed that a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 106–126 [PrP-(106–126)] of the human PrP is toxic to neurons and trophic to astrocytes in vitro. Our experiments were aimed at verifying whether PrP-(106–126) and other peptides corresponding to fragments of the amyloid protein purified from brains of patients with Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease – namely PrP-(89–106), PrP-(106–114), PrP-(127–147) – were capable of stimulating circulating leucocytes. Native PrP expression in human lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was first confirmed using PCR amplification of total RNA, after reverse transcription, and immunoblot analysis of cell extracts with anti-PrP antibodies. PrP-(106–126), but not the other peptides, increased membrane microviscosity, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and cell migration in circulating leucocytes, and O2-•production in monocytes and neutrophils. Membrane microviscosity was determined by the fluorescence polarization technique, using diphenylhexatriene as a probe, 300 s after the addition of PrP-(106–126) to the cell suspension in the concentration range 5–50 µM. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ elicited by PrP-(106–126) was dose-dependent in the range 5–500 µM. PrP-(106–126) stimulated O2-•production in monocytes and neutrophils in a dose- (10–300 µM) and time-(5–30 min) dependent manner in the presence of 10 µM dihydrocytochalasin B. Both the increase in Ca2+ concentration and the O2-•production were partially sensitive to pertussis toxin. PrP-(106–126) stimulated leucocyte migration in a dose-dependent (30–300 µM) manner and, at the highest concentration used, this migration was comparable with that elicited by 2.5 nM interleukin 8 or 10 nM fMet-Leu-Phe peptide.

Genotoxic Activity of the Aminophenols as Evidenced by the Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kirchner ◽  
U. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Structural Isomers ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

1 Most hair dyes contain the structural isomers ortho-, meta- and para-aminophenol which were investigated concerning their ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes in vitro and in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells in vivo. 2 In vitro only ortho-aminophenol significantly induced SCE in a dose-dependent manner. 3 In vivo none of the structural isomers increased significantly the SCE frequency. 4 It is concluded that ortho-aminophenol is a weak directly acting compound which is detoxified during its metabolism.

scholarly journals Estimating genotoxic effects of anticancer drugs using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay on human lymphocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
V. I. Minina ◽  
V. Yu. Buslaev
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cbmn Assay

Here we review the current experience of using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay on cultures of human lymphocytes to evaluate genotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. Having performed search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, TOXLINE, and the Cochrane Library, we identified a total of 172 relevant studies. Out of them, 89 were conducted in vitro, and 41 were published within the last decade. The mentioned studies concordantly demonstrated a significant increase in micronuclei, protrusions, nucleoplasmic bridges, and a decrease in proliferation in cells treated with anticancer drugs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Notably, the results of CBMN assay are consistent with the data obtained from other cytogenetic techniques (comet assay, chromosomal aberration analysis, analysis of mutations in housekeeping genes, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation). Conclusion. CBMN assay permits a reliable evaluation of the mutagenic effects related to anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES CULTURES

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kinan Aljaja ◽  
Adawia Kitaz ◽  
Raghda Lahdo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures

Background: Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina are medicinal plants grown in Syria and commonly used in traditional medicine. Such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the genotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied. Aim and objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures model by evaluating the cell proliferation, determination of mitotic index (MI), and their effects on chromosomes. Methods: the hydroethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. Then the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures was conducting by determination of mitotic index (MI). Results: the results showed that all three plants decreased non-significantly the mean of mitotic index in comparison with negative control (normal MI) (p>0.05) at concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) and the mitotic index values ranged was between (2.25±0.07 and 3.3±0.28). However, C. verutum showed the lowest mitotic index (3±0.14 at 1 mg/ml) and (2.25±0.07 at 5 mg/ml), and did not induce chromatid or chromosome breaks or gaps. Conclusion: these preliminary results on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these plants provide valuable information about the safety of using them in alternative medicine.                    Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2021; Revised: 13 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected]  Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Similar Articles: A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

scholarly journals Chromosome Aberrations Produced by Mestranol in Human Lymphocyte Cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Radislava Teodorović ◽  
Vladimir Drašković ◽  
Spomenka Đurić ◽  
Kartarina Nenadović ◽  
Milorad Mirilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
Numerical Aberrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract In this investigation, the genotoxic properties of mestranol were examined in vitro. Human lymphocyte cultures were exposed for 72 h to mestranol at concentrations of 7.5, 15 and 30 µg/g. The genotoxic effects of the chemosterilant were assessed by numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. Mestranol induced certain genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. There was a dose-dependent significant (p<0.01) increase in the number of numerical aberrations in comparison to the control, but without significant differences (p>0.05) between the doses applied. Further, structural aberrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in the presence of mestranol, being most frequent in cultures exposed to the highest mestranol dose. The frequency of Robertsonian translocations increased significantly only in cultures treated with mestranol at concentration of 30 µg/g in comparison both with the control (p<0.01) and the lowest chemosterilant dose (p<0.01). There were significant differences (p<0.01) in the levels of chromosome gaps and fragments compared to Robertsonian translocations, whilst the frequencies between gaps and fragments were not significantly different (p>0.05).

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Appraisal of Immunological Impacts of Melaleuca leucadendra Extract over Macrophage Performance in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Level Production ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra ◽  
Phagocytic Killing

This trial research was performed to discuss the immune-influence of Melaleuca leucadendra ‘paper-bark tree’ dried leaves which is an important medical plant known in many regions in the world. The leaves were dissolved in a mixture of (ethanol + water) (3:1) mixture, then filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain leaves extract. The macrophages of blood derived origin were provided from rats and mixed with three different leaves extracts doses in tissue culture plates and incubated then stained with fluorescent acridine orange and examined under fluorescent microscope to assess the phagocytic and killing potency. The wells contents were aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide and interleukin-2 levels. The results displayed an obvious increase in phagocytic, killing performance as well as nitric oxide and IL-2 level production than control in a dose dependent manner. The obtained results suggested the immune-stimulant impact of the paper-bark tree leaves.

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