Energy Security Challenges, Concepts And The Controversy Of Energy Nationalism In Lithuanian Energy Politics

Japanese energy policy has attracted renewed attention since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. However, Japan’s energy challenges are nothing new; as a country poor in natural resources, it has long struggled to meet its energy needs. This chapter provides an overview of Japanese energy politics, focusing on three broad topics: Japan’s modernization and energy security challenges, the politics of the utilities sector and nuclear energy, and the politics of energy conservation and climate change. In addition, the chapter discusses factors specific to Japan, such as state-business relations in the utilities sector and institutional changes since the 1990s. Japan offers both compelling puzzles—several transformative shifts in energy conservation policy, limited emphasis on renewables despite persistent energy security concerns, and reinvigoration of nuclear energy despite the Fukushima disaster—as well as important empirical opportunities for theory testing. The chapter concludes by calling for additional research that integrates insights from Japan into broader theoretical and cross-national scholarship, examines Japanese energy policy within an international context, and uses rigorous causal identification strategies to evaluate Japanese energy policy. Finally, it identifies the politics of decarbonization in Japan as a critical area for future research.

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THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

Politika nacionalne bezbednosti ◽

10.22182/pnb.1812020.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽

pp. 33-67

Author(s):

Olga Stevanovic

Keyword(s):

Energy Security ◽

Research Question ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Baltic States ◽

Realist Theory ◽

Main Research ◽

Security Challenges ◽

The Us ◽

The Subject ◽

The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

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South Asia energy security: Challenges and opportunities

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.128 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 458-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Bhupendra Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Energy Security ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Introduction: China’s and the European Union’s Energy Security Challenges in the Twenty-First Century

Secure Oil and Alternative Energy ◽

10.1163/9789004233324_002 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Energy Security ◽

First Century ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Twenty First Century

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China's Energy Security: Going Beyond the Traditional Approach

10.26686/wgtn.16985284 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Yang Gao

Keyword(s):

Energy Security ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

External Energy ◽

The West ◽

Sharp Rise ◽

Security Vulnerabilities ◽

Policy Responses ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Growing Economy

<p>China's rapidly growing economy has seen a sharp rise in energy consumption and correspondingly a new focus on energy security. Over the last decade, China has adopted an energy security approach emphasizing its external energy supply, especially oil supply, which is quite similar to the approach established in industrialized Western countries (IWCs) since the 1970s' energy crises. However, China‟s energy situation is profoundly different from the West with over 90 percent of its energy being produced domestically and nearly 70 percent being coal-based. To explain why the approach in China is similar to that of major IWCs, I demonstrate that while the IWCs constructed their energy security concept and subsequent policy responses on their energy situation, China's approach has largely been influenced by a domestic ideational factor and Western energy security concept. By providing a detailed examination of China's energy situation, highlighting the unique energy security vulnerabilities and threats it faces, I argue current mainstream energy security thinking in China does not match its comprehensive energy situation. It is therefore not adequate to address its energy security challenges. The thesis concludes that, a 'broader' energy security approach, going beyond the traditional thinking, should be developed to incorporate more energy sectors and domestic energy issues in China.</p>

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Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.25 Energy Security in International Law

The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security ◽

10.1093/law/9780198827276.003.0026 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Morgandi Tibisay ◽

Viñuales Jorge E

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Energy Security ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Fuel Production ◽

World Energy ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Legal Frameworks

This chapter investigates the concept of ‘energy security’, understood as the ‘uninterrupted availability of energy resources at an affordable price’. Importantly, according to this definition, the ‘availability’ of energy resources is measured against existing energy demand, and threats to energy security are therefore threats to the supply of enough energy to meet existing energy demand. Energy supply depends upon both domestic and international factors which are so interconnected that it is difficult to distinguish where one starts and the other ends. What is clear, however, is that international law plays a fundamental role in addressing many threats to energy security. The chapter looks at existing threats to energy security and the international legal frameworks that have been established in response. The challenges to energy security include an exponential increase in world energy demand, shortages of national oil and gas deposits, the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel production in order to counteract climate change, as well as risks of geopolitical instability. The chapter then focuses on the mechanisms aimed to ensure that the flow of energy remains uninterrupted and at an affordable price, as well as on those mechanisms aimed at increasing access to energy resources.

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