Natural regeneration in the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (Wielkopolska Region)

Abstract The ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (23.65 ha) was established in 1998 to protect one of the best-retained areas of natural oak-hornbeam forest (Galio-Carpinetum) in the center of the Wielkopolska Region. Apart from oak-hornbeam forest, the ash-elm riparian forest (Querco-Ulmetum) and alder riparian forest (Fraxino-Alnetum) are found in the reserve. These plant communities, both natural and degenerated as a consequence of previous forest management, have created the convenient conditions for assessment the phytocoenoses’ regeneration potential. The aim of this study was to assess the age and species structure of woody species natural regeneration of the whole area of the nature reserve. To achieve that target, during August and September 2012, 142 sample plots were established with the total area 3550 m2 on which tree and shrub composition and densities were calculated. Woody species regeneration created various diverse communities among individual sub-units, however oak-hornbeam forest species were predominant in the whole regeneration layer. The character of a ‘natural’ forest was retained on a part of the stands. Moreover, regeneration in degenerated parts of the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve stands is changing according to potential vegetation. Whereas, the establishment of gaps in the Scots pine stands using artificial regeneration was not worthwhile. The natural regeneration structure under the canopy layer of Scots pine stands unambiguously supports the claim that phytocoenoses can regenerate on their own. In spite of the oak regeneration being infrequent, all stands within the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve retain substantial rejuvenation potential

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Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v53i0.913 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

Author(s):

C. De Schepper

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Free Field ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Forest ◽

Forest Practice ◽

Scots Pine Stands

The study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field. The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration groups.

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Effect of soil scarification on natural regeneration of mature scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in Greece

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001320 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 732-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Forest ◽

Set Up ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Scots Pine Stands

<div> <p>The natural regeneration of Scots pine stands at the Sarakatsana location in the Pieria Mountains improved considerably after the removal of the dense ground vegetation followed mechanical soil scarification. The experimental design consisted of replications on scarified and non-scarified soil. The results four years after the experiment was set up showed that regeneration reached 59 seedlings m-2 in scarified and 7 seedlings m-2 in non-scarified soil. Soil scarification seems to have had a positive effect on the emergence and survival of naturally regenerated Scots pine. The negligible number of dead seedlings in the first two measurements could be due to the favourable site and/or good climatic conditions. Although the mother stand appears to be in a critical condition due to age and increased necrosis as a result of fungal attacks, there is still considerable potential for regeneration in terms of fructification and seed production. The study findings indicate that there can be new growth of Scots pine forest with the shelterwood method of natural regeneration in combination with soil scarification.</p> </div> <p> </p>

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The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11050558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia I. Stavrova ◽

Vadim V. Gorshkov ◽

Paul N. Katjutin ◽

Irina Ju. Bakkal

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Size Structure ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Dwarf Shrub ◽

Species Structure ◽

Siberian Spruce ◽

Scots Pine Forests ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of stand stratification results in the allocation of two size groups of trees. In Siberian spruce, these groups persist throughout the succession. In Scots pine, DBH distributions become more homogeneous at the middle of succession (150–200 years after the fire) due to the extinction of small-size individuals. Siberian spruce stands are dominated by moderately and strongly weakened trees at all succession stages. The vitality status of Scots pine stands is higher compared to Siberian spruce up to 150 years after a fire. The dynamics of regeneration activity is similar in both species, with a minimum at the middle of the restoration period. The results indicate that in Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests, the stand structure and regeneration activity differs substantially in the first half of succession (up to 200 years after the fire) and become similar in the late-succession community. The study of lower layers revealed that the cover of moss–lichen and dwarf shrub–herb layers stabilize 150 years after a fire. Changes in species structure in both layers are observed until the late stage of succession. The originality of the structure and dynamics of mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests is revealed based on a comparison with pure Siberian spruce forests in the same region.

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Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v60i0.862 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

Author(s):

N. Lust ◽

B. Muys

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Rotation Period ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Noticeable Increase ◽

Hardwood Species ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

This study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed. Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a noticeable increase of biodiversity. Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable biotopes and permanent monitoring.

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Comparative analysis of natural and artificial regeneration in Nowa Dęba Forest District

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2019-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 230-241

Author(s):

Justyna Długosiewicz ◽

Stanisław Zając ◽

Emilia Wysocka-Fijorek ◽

Małgorzata Sułkowska

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Forest Site ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Artificial Regeneration ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Forest District ◽

Scots Pine Stands

Abstract New challenges related to the multifunctional role of forests in consideration of both natural environment and economy come into view sequentially. In current forestry practice, an important element is not only the quality of forest cultivations (silvicultural aspect) but also the costs incurred for their production and tending (economic aspect). The main purpose of this article is to show the prospect of increasing positive silvicultural effects depending on the method used in management of Scots pine stands under given site conditions. The comparative analysis was carried out using the study results obtained in the Forest District Nowa Dęba and those presented in other relevant studies. In the present study, we examined whether the site conditions have significant effects on silvicultural and economic effectiveness of regeneration and development of Scots pine stands or those predominated by Scots pine in the initial stages of stand growth. Significance of the regeneration method effects on growth characteristics of Scots pine regeneration as well as the costs of forest cultivation management was analysed. The study on silvicultural and economic effectiveness was carried out in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. The results obtained showed that using Scots pine natural regeneration under the conditions of fresh coniferous forest site and fresh mixed coniferous forest site was the way of management based on reason. This was supported by both the values of regeneration growth parameters and silvicultural quality along with clearly lower expenditures incurred to achieve these effects. In wet mixed coniferous site, Scots pine seedlings regenerated naturally; however, the results indicated their lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values when compared to those artificially regenerated. In fresh mixed broadleaved forest site, equally for silvicultural and economic reasons, the more optimal option was to regenerate forest using traditional planting material as natural Scots pine regeneration showed lower silvicultural effects. The unit costs of regeneration and maintenance of stands with self-sown Scots pine in fresh mixed broadleaved forest site were higher when compared with other examined forest sites. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that regardless of the regeneration method examined, the most differentiating factor of the final economic effect of Scots pine stand establishment and maintenance was the cost of regeneration operation. The expenditure for this purpose consumed the largest part of expenses incurred in artificial regeneration variant. The higher cost of corrections in artificially planted forest cultivations in poorer forest sites was one of the reasons behind the profitable final balance of naturally regenerating Scots pine stands. Differences between other costs analysed were not significant. The results of the present study may contribute to comprehensive assessments of natural and artificial ways of forest regeneration and indicate forest production costs that are the most closely related to site conditions.

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Natural regeneration after gap cutting in Scots pine stands in northern Finland

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827581.2018.1557248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 115-125

Author(s):

Ville Hallikainen ◽

Hannu Hökkä ◽

Mikko Hyppönen ◽

Pasi Rautio ◽

Sauli Valkonen

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Gap Cutting ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

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Oak natural regeneration and conversion processes in mixed Scots pine stands

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpl034 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 503-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

D. Dobrowolska

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Stands

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An analysis of a spontaneous ingrowth of deciduous trees in 70 year old stands of Scots pine

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v52i0.916 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Lust

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Red Oak ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Stem Number ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Spontaneous Regeneration ◽

Scots Pine Stands

In 70 years old homogeneous Scots pine stands, bordered by a hardwood belt, an analysis was made about the spontaneous ingrowth of natural seedlings. The analysis involved especially the following points: species and stem number, influence of the hardwood belts, diameter and height distribution, age, growth and structure. From the age of 30 years, a spontaneous regeneration of hardwoods established in Scots pine stands. There are on average 7,000 plants per ha, 80 % of which are black cherry and another fair number are red oak and pedunculate oak. The regeneration has an average age of 25 to 30 years, it is uneven aged, contains several diameter and height classes and has already partially penetrated the upper stratum. The spontaneous ingrowth allows to convert in a simple way the homogeneous coniferous stands into mixed hardwood stands.

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