Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

This  study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first  generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural  regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian  Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the  course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These  pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of  this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed.     Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous  establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in  aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the  lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several  hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and  spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a  noticeable increase of biodiversity.     Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase  biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance  of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree  species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable  biotopes and permanent monitoring.

Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Practice ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The  study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy  soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological  conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed  stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field.     The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler  maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the  settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means  that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the  regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration  groups.

scholarly journals Parameters of Pinus sylvestris health condition and Ips acuminatus population in pure and mixed stands of Sumy region

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Valentyna Meshkova ◽  
Ivan Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Outbreaks of bark beetles have increased in recent years in various regions. Pine engraver beetle (Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is most common in the pine forests of many European countries. Research on its biology and spread carried out in different natural conditions, phases of pest outbreak and considered various parameters to characterize the population of the pest and forest health condition. The aim of the research was to compare the health condition of Scots pine stands and population parameters of I. acuminatus in its two generations in pure and mixed stands in Polissya and Forest-steppe parts of Sumy region. Research was carried out in 2017 in the pure Scots pine stands and mixed stands with Scots pine and other forest species in Polissya (State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Forest Economy") and Forest-steppe parts (State Enterprise "Velykopysarivske Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Okhtyrske Forest Economy") of Sumy region at 26 sample plots. In sample plots, parameters of forest health condition and bark beetle population were assessed in June and in September, after completion of development of spring and summer generation of I. acuminatus.  By most of the parameters assessed, significant differences between sample plots in Forest-Steppe and Polissya parts of Sumy region were not found. In pure Scots pine stands the mean area of bark beetles’ foci and bark beetles’ production were larger in Forest-steppe in June, and the density of Ips acuminatus nuptial chambers in June and September. In pure Scots pine stands the area of I. acuminatus focus, the number of colonized trees, the proportion of recently died trees, health condition indices, the density of egg galleries and nuptial chambers as well as young beetle’s production increased from June to September. In mixed stands the focus area, the number of colonized trees and health condition index increased insignificantly, and population parameters of I. acuminatus decreased from June to September. Pure Scots pine stands changed the health condition from "severely weakened" to "drying up" in three months, and mixed ones remained in the "weakened" category. In pure pine stands, the density of egg galleries and beetles of the young generation increased for three months from the lower limit of a moderate level to a high level, the density of nuptial chambers – from low to a high level. In mixed stands, all population parameters of I. acuminatus correspond to a low population level. The parameters characterizing the investigated foci of I. acuminatus in the Sumy region significantly correlated with the participation of pine in the stand composition, and in September the correlation is closer than in June. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of creating predominantly mixed pine stands.

scholarly journals Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in wind-throw areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Milan Barna ◽  
Angel Ferezliev ◽  
Hristo Tsakov ◽  
Ivan Mihál
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Lignicolous Fungi ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Stand Structure

AbstractWe investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.

scholarly journals Forest site conditions and the threat for insect outbreaks in the Scots pine stands of Polissya

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Olena Andreieva ◽  
Anatoliy Goychuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most spread forest tree species in Polissya and the most damaged by foliage browsing and stem insects. The aim of this study was to reveal the changes in the distribution of different forest site conditions for 2010–2019 in Scots pine forests of the selected forestry enterprises of Polissya and possible consequences for the spread of foliage browsing insects. Database of Production Association ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ (by 2010 and 2019) was analysed for five State Forest Enterprises (FE) that are located in the Central (Zhytomyr Region) and Western (Rivne and Volyn Regions) Polissya, where the large scale outbreaks of stem pests were registered last decade.The types of forest site conditions were designated in accordance with the Ukrainian typology. Distribution of the forest area by trophotops and hygrotops was evaluated for the forest-covered area, for Scots pine stands, and for pure Scots pine stands in 2010 and in 2019.For 2010–2019, the area of all Scots pine forests and its proportion in the forest-covered area has significantly decreased in the most of analysed forest enterprises. The change for 2010–2019 in the distribution both by the tropho-tops and by hygrotops of the entire forest-covered area, the area of all Scots pine forests and pure pine forests is not statistically significant. However, in assessment year 2019, the proportion of stands in the moist types of forest site conditions slightly increased. It may be the result of the stands’ mortality in the driest sites after an outbreak of bark beetles. A greater decrease in the proportion of Scots pine forest area in the dry poor, fresh poor, and dry relatively poor forest site conditions was found in the western direction. Therefore, the noted decrease in the foci areas of foliage browsing insects in Polissya in 2010–2012 compared to the 2000–2002 could be associated with a decrease in the most preferred stands, namely the poorest and driest types of forest site conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of soil scarification on natural regeneration of mature scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

<div> <p>The natural regeneration of Scots pine stands at the Sarakatsana location in the Pieria Mountains improved considerably after the removal of the dense ground vegetation followed mechanical soil scarification. The experimental design consisted of replications on scarified and non-scarified soil. The results four years after the experiment was set up showed that regeneration reached 59 seedlings m-2 in scarified and 7 seedlings m-2 in non-scarified soil. Soil scarification seems to have had a positive effect on the emergence and survival of naturally regenerated Scots pine. The negligible number of dead seedlings in the first two measurements could be due to the favourable site and/or good climatic conditions. Although the mother stand appears to be in a critical condition due to age and increased necrosis as a result of fungal attacks, there is still considerable potential for regeneration in terms of fructification and seed production. The study findings indicate that there can be new growth of Scots pine forest with the shelterwood method of natural regeneration in combination with soil scarification.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Stavrova ◽  
Vadim V. Gorshkov ◽  
Paul N. Katjutin ◽  
Irina Ju. Bakkal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of stand stratification results in the allocation of two size groups of trees. In Siberian spruce, these groups persist throughout the succession. In Scots pine, DBH distributions become more homogeneous at the middle of succession (150–200 years after the fire) due to the extinction of small-size individuals. Siberian spruce stands are dominated by moderately and strongly weakened trees at all succession stages. The vitality status of Scots pine stands is higher compared to Siberian spruce up to 150 years after a fire. The dynamics of regeneration activity is similar in both species, with a minimum at the middle of the restoration period. The results indicate that in Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests, the stand structure and regeneration activity differs substantially in the first half of succession (up to 200 years after the fire) and become similar in the late-succession community. The study of lower layers revealed that the cover of moss–lichen and dwarf shrub–herb layers stabilize 150 years after a fire. Changes in species structure in both layers are observed until the late stage of succession. The originality of the structure and dynamics of mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests is revealed based on a comparison with pure Siberian spruce forests in the same region.

scholarly journals The Recovery of Damaged Pine Forests in an Area Formerly Polluted by Nitrogen

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kestutis Armolaitis ◽  
Vidas Stakenas
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

An area in Lithuania containing coniferous stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce that were dead or damaged due to nitrogen pollution by a nitrogen fertilizer plant (JV Achema) was found to have expanded between 1974 and 1989 to a distance of 20 to 25 km northeast of the plant in the direction of prevailing winds. Over the last 10 years, when nitrogen pollution by the plant had decreased, a clear process of recovery of the damaged ecosystems could be observed. The following features of this process as it occurred in damaged Scots pine stands are discussed: (1) refoliation (or decreased defoliation) of damaged trees, where a clear positive trend could be observed; (2) changes in the species composition and in the covering by ground vegetation, where small changes and indication of less-nitrophilous species coverage could be detected; and (3) chemical and acidity changes in Luvisols and Arenosols, where a significant decrease could be seen especially concerning nitrate concentrations.

scholarly journals Évolution de la régénération après la coupe de peuplements récoltés selon différents procédés d'exploitation

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Pine Stands

Between 1982 and 1984, 289 sample plots were established on cutovers distributed across the mixed and the boreal forest zones of Québec. Regeneration surveys before and after clearcutting were used to determine the proportion of regeneration destroyed by four different harvesting systems. Moreover, information on the evolution of the regeneration over the medium term was gathered from surveys realized five and ten years following logging. For all stands combined, harvesting resulted in a reduction of 25 to 40% of the stocking of the regeneration. The lowest decrease in stocking was produced by a feller-forwarder that was more efficient to protect regeneration shorter than 50 cm as compared to harvesting systems using cable skidders. Differences between harvesting systems were no longer apparent after the first five-year-period following logging because establishment of new seedlings was observed in most of the sampled cutovers. The ability of balsam fir to establish under a canopy generally caused an increase of its proportion in the new stands as compared to the original stands. The proportion of hardwood species also tended to increase in comparison to the original stand in such a way that some conifer stands would evolve toward mixed stands if no change in stand composition occurred after the first ten-year period following logging. Natural regeneration of jack pine stands after harvesting seems difficult to obtain since these stands have scarce advance regeneration that is partially destroyed during logging operations. Plantation, fill plantation or seeding could be applied in these stands but harvesting methods providing protection for regeneration should be used in the other stands in order to protect advance regeneration and particularly tall individuals. Key words: clearcutting, advance regeneration, harvesting system, cable skidders, feller-forwarder

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (Wielkopolska Region)

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Katarzyna Wiczyńska ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Abstract The ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (23.65 ha) was established in 1998 to protect one of the best-retained areas of natural oak-hornbeam forest (Galio-Carpinetum) in the center of the Wielkopolska Region. Apart from oak-hornbeam forest, the ash-elm riparian forest (Querco-Ulmetum) and alder riparian forest (Fraxino-Alnetum) are found in the reserve. These plant communities, both natural and degenerated as a consequence of previous forest management, have created the convenient conditions for assessment the phytocoenoses’ regeneration potential. The aim of this study was to assess the age and species structure of woody species natural regeneration of the whole area of the nature reserve. To achieve that target, during August and September 2012, 142 sample plots were established with the total area 3550 m2 on which tree and shrub composition and densities were calculated. Woody species regeneration created various diverse communities among individual sub-units, however oak-hornbeam forest species were predominant in the whole regeneration layer. The character of a ‘natural’ forest was retained on a part of the stands. Moreover, regeneration in degenerated parts of the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve stands is changing according to potential vegetation. Whereas, the establishment of gaps in the Scots pine stands using artificial regeneration was not worthwhile. The natural regeneration structure under the canopy layer of Scots pine stands unambiguously supports the claim that phytocoenoses can regenerate on their own. In spite of the oak regeneration being infrequent, all stands within the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve retain substantial rejuvenation potential

Natural regeneration after gap cutting in Scots pine stands in northern Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Ville Hallikainen ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Mikko Hyppönen ◽  
Pasi Rautio ◽  
Sauli Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Gap Cutting ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands
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