Nursing care of a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus – a nursing process using the International Classification of Nursing Practice ICNP®

AbstractIntroduction. Type 1 diabetes is the most common chronic childhood disease.Aim. The aim of the study is to present the process of nursing a child with DMT1 and its family using the terminology from ICNP®.Material and methods. The study is based on a case report and a literature review. The study was conducted in December 2019. A written consent of the child’s mother was obtained for the study.Results and conclusions. Proper nursing care, intensive diabetes education and optimal treatment are essential to ensure the best quality of life while minimizing the risk of acute metabolic disorders and chronic complications. Using ICNP® terminology enables the creation of a detailed and holistic nursing process for a child with DMT1 and its family. Based on the information obtained, nursing diagnoses were formulated: dyspnea, nausea, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, lack of knowledge of illness, lack of knowledge of treatment regime, lack of knowledge of diet regime, overweight, anxiety, impaired socialization, risk of impaired parenting. The nursing interventions will help to achieve an appropriate standard of living as well as reduce the risk of acute metabolic disorders and chronic diabetes complications.

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Diabetes Education for Children and Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Future Considerations

10.20935/al1774 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Devi Dayal ◽

Latika Rohilla

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Children And Youth

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in the offspring: A nationwide register-based study with family-based designs

10.1101/2022.01.07.22268904 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yuxia Wei ◽

Tomas Andersson ◽

Jessica Edstorp ◽

Josefin E. Lofvenborg ◽

Mats Talback ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Full Cohort ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Medical Birth Register ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Family Based ◽

Cousin Comparison

Objectives: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the offspring. We investigated whether this association is consistent with a causal interpretation by accounting for familial (shared genetic and environmental) factors using family-based, quasi-experimental designs. Design: A nationwide, prospective cohort study and a nested case-control study (quasi-experiment) comparing children with T1D to their age-matched siblings (or cousins). Setting: Swedish national registers. Participants: We included 2,995,321 children born in Sweden between 1983 and 2014. Exposure: Information on maternal smoking during pregnancy was retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Main outcome measures: Children were followed for a diagnosis of T1D until 2020 through the National Patient, Diabetes and Prescribed Drug Registers. Results: A total of 18,617 children developed T1D, with a median age at diagnosis of 9.4 years. The sibling and cousin comparison design included 14,284 and 7,988 of these children, respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 22% lower risk of offspring T1D in the full cohort (hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75 to 0.82) in the multivariable-adjusted model. The corresponding odds ratio was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69 to 0.88) in the sibling and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.79) in the cousin comparison analysis. Conclusions: This nationwide, family-based study provides support for a protective effect of maternal smoking on offspring T1D. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathways behind this link.

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Nursing Care in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.370 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Doruntina Ismaili ◽

Fëllënza Spahiu ◽

Lirije Beqiri ◽

Afërdita Berisha

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Nursing Care

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Who Needs Diabetes Education? A Qualitative Analysis of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care ◽

10.1177/26350106211051297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 436-446

Author(s):

Margot E. Porter ◽

Michelle L. Litchman ◽

Ernest G. Grigorian ◽

Julia E. Blanchette ◽

Nancy A. Allen

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Online Community ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Further Education ◽

Transitional Period ◽

Primary Care Clinics ◽

Glycemic Management

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the diabetes self-management education (DSME) needs of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) because addressing these needs may facilitate optimal glycemic management during this challenging transitional period. Methods A hybrid qualitative design was utilized. Emerging adults and parents of emerging adults were recruited from endocrinology and primary care clinics and through a Utah-specific T1DM online community. Interviews were conducted to asses needs to achieve target A1C. Data were interpreted thematically. Results Emerging adults with T1DM (N = 33) and parents of emerging adults with T1DM (N = 17) were interviewed. Three main themes emerged: (1) mixed desire for personal DSME; (2) I don’t need the education, others do; and (3) health care provider (HCP) attributes that make a difference. Associated subthemes were reported. Conclusions Emerging adults reported that further education for themselves was not needed, although newly diagnosed individuals would benefit from increased training in diabetes management. Although many emerging adults had a supportive social network, they endorsed the need for greater public education to avoid diabetes misinformation. Emerging adults felt more connected with HCPs that had diabetes-specific training (ie, endocrinologist) or those who personally live with T1DM.

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Establishment of a type 1 diabetes structured education programme suitable for Chinese patients: type 1 diabetes education in lifestyle and self adjustment (TELSA)

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-020-0514-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuting Xie ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Fansu Huang ◽

Chunna Lan ◽

Jia Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Education Programme ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Structured Education

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Association of HLA Class II Alleles and Haplotypes with Type 1 Diabetes in Tunisian Arabs

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-0754-5586 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 (10) ◽

pp. 653-662

Author(s):

Abdelhafidh Hajjej ◽

Wassim Y. Almawi ◽

Mouna Stayoussef ◽

Lasmar Hattab ◽

Slama Hmida

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Association Studies ◽

Class Ii ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Linkage Study ◽

Hla Class Ii ◽

Racial Background ◽

Family Based

AbstractThe molecular association of HLA class II with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was investigated in Tunisian Arabs using 3 kinds of analyses. The first was a case-control association study, using Relative Predispositional Effects method, involved 137 T1DM cases and 258 control subjects. The second was family-based association-linkage study, using Transmission Disequilibrium Test, and covering 50 Tunisian families comprising 73 T1DM patients and 100 parents. The third was a wide correlation study between 4 DRB1 alleles (DRB1*03, *04, *11, *15) and T1DM in 52 countries, using Spearman’s Rho. Results from Case-control and family-based association studies showed that DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 alleles predispose to T1DM in Tunisian Arabs. Conversely, only DRB1*11 was protective for T1DM. DRB1*04-DQB1*03 haplotype was consistently associated positively with T1DM; DRB1*03/DRB1*04 genotype had the highest risk of T1DM development. Compared to DRB1*03, HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with higher T1DM incidence. Thus, the contribution of HLA class II to T1DM genetic susceptibility must be evaluated with regards to specific HLA alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes, and also ethnic and racial background.

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Socioeconomic disparities in access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative study of patient and healthcare professional perspectives

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-019-1061-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Scott ◽

Alicia O’Cathain ◽

Elizabeth Goyder

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Socioeconomic Disparities ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

Diabetes Specialist ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Specialist Services ◽

Specialist Nurses

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes is a complex chronic condition which requires lifelong treatment with insulin. Health outcomes are dependent on ability to self-manage the condition. Socioeconomic inequalities have been demonstrated in access to treatment and health outcomes for adults with type 1 diabetes; however, there is a paucity of research exploring how these disparities occur. This study explores the influence of socioeconomic factors in gaining access to intensive insulin regimens for adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods We undertook a qualitative descriptive study informed by a phenomenological perspective. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 28 patients and 6 healthcare professionals involved in their care. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach. The Candidacy theory for access to healthcare for vulnerable groups framed the analysis. Results Access to intensive insulin regimens was through hospital-based specialist services in this sample. Patients from lower socioeconomic groups had difficulty accessing hospital-based services if they were in low paid work and because they lacked the ability to navigate the healthcare system. Once these patients were in the specialist system, access to intensive insulin regimens was limited by non-alignment with healthcare professional goals, poor health literacy, psychosocial problems and poor quality communication. These factors could also affect access to structured diabetes education which itself improved access to intensive insulin regimens. Contact with diabetes specialist nurses and attendance at structured diabetes education courses could ameliorate these barriers. Conclusions Access to intensive insulin regimens was hindered for people in lower socioeconomic groups by a complex mix of factors relating to the permeability of specialist services, ability to navigate the healthcare system and patient interactions with healthcare providers. Improving access to diabetes specialist nurses and structured diabetes education for vulnerable patients could lessen socioeconomic disparities in both access to services and health outcomes.

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