Who Needs Diabetes Education? A Qualitative Analysis of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Margot E. Porter ◽  
Michelle L. Litchman ◽  
Ernest G. Grigorian ◽  
Julia E. Blanchette ◽  
Nancy A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Glycemic Management

Background The purpose of this study is to explore the diabetes self-management education (DSME) needs of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) because addressing these needs may facilitate optimal glycemic management during this challenging transitional period. Methods A hybrid qualitative design was utilized. Emerging adults and parents of emerging adults were recruited from endocrinology and primary care clinics and through a Utah-specific T1DM online community. Interviews were conducted to asses needs to achieve target A1C. Data were interpreted thematically. Results Emerging adults with T1DM (N = 33) and parents of emerging adults with T1DM (N = 17) were interviewed. Three main themes emerged: (1) mixed desire for personal DSME; (2) I don’t need the education, others do; and (3) health care provider (HCP) attributes that make a difference. Associated subthemes were reported. Conclusions Emerging adults reported that further education for themselves was not needed, although newly diagnosed individuals would benefit from increased training in diabetes management. Although many emerging adults had a supportive social network, they endorsed the need for greater public education to avoid diabetes misinformation. Emerging adults felt more connected with HCPs that had diabetes-specific training (ie, endocrinologist) or those who personally live with T1DM.

scholarly journals Experiences and perspectives of the parents of emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001125
Author(s):  
Cheryl Pritlove ◽  
Benjamin Markowitz ◽  
Geetha Mukerji ◽  
Andrew Advani ◽  
Janet A Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Transition To Adult Care ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Difficult Time

IntroductionWhereas it is widely recognized that emerging adulthood can be a difficult time in the life of an individual living with type 1 diabetes, relatively little is known about the experiences of their parents or guardians. These individuals once shouldered much of the burden for their child’s diabetes ‘self’-management, yet their contribution is often overlooked by the adult healthcare system. Here, we set out to gain an understanding of the perspectives of parents of emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsSemi-structured interviews were performed with a purposeful sample of parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes recruited from two urban young adult diabetes clinics and through a national diabetes charity. Thematic coding was derived using a constant comparative approach.ResultsAnalysis of interviews with 16 parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes identified three themes: parental experiences of the transition to adult care; negotiating parent–child roles, responsibilities and relationships; and new and evolving fears. Parents spoke in detail about the time surrounding their child’s diagnosis of type 1 diabetes to emphasize the complexity of diabetes care and the need to establish a ‘new normal’ for the family. In turn, adolescence and emerging adulthood required a renegotiation of roles and responsibilities, with many parents continuing to play a role in high-level diabetes management. Several parents of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (particularly those of young men) vocalized worries about their child’s readiness to assume responsibility for their self-care, and some expressed frustration with the apparent dichotomy in the role expectations of parents between the pediatric and adult care settings.ConclusionsAdult healthcare providers should recognize both the ongoing involvement of parents in the ‘self’-management of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes and the unique aspects of the caregiver burden that they experience.

scholarly journals Parental Involvement and Executive Function in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A Berg ◽  
Deborah J Wiebe ◽  
Eunjin Lee Tracy ◽  
Caitlin S Kelly ◽  
Daniel Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Growth Curve Models

Abstract Objective To examine (a) changes in parental involvement across early emerging adulthood, (b) whether yearly fluctuations in parental involvement were associated with adherence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over time, and (c) whether higher involvement was more beneficial for those with poorer executive function (EF). Methods A total of 228 high school seniors (M age = 17.76) with type 1 diabetes reported on mothers’ and fathers’ acceptance, knowledge of diabetes activities, disclosure to mothers and fathers regarding diabetes, and adherence at four yearly time points. At baseline, participants completed performance-based measures of EF. HbA1c was collected from assay kits. Results Growth curve models revealed significant declines in disclosure to fathers and mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge of diabetes activities; no changes were found in mothers’ or fathers’ acceptance nor disclosure to mothers. Multilevel models indicated significant between-person effects for nearly all aspects of parental involvement with more acceptance, knowledge, and disclosure associated with better HbA1c and adherence. Within-person effects for disclosure to fathers, and mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge indicated that in years when emerging adults perceived higher amounts of these types of involvement (compared with their own average), HbA1c was lower. Within-person effects were found for acceptance to mothers, disclosure to mothers and fathers, and mothers’ diabetes knowledge for adherence. Disclosure to fathers and mothers’ knowledge of diabetes activities were especially beneficial for HbA1c for those with poorer EF performance. Conclusions Parental involvement in diabetes management remains important during the high-risk time of emerging adulthood, especially for those with poorer EF.

scholarly journals The Role of Peers for Diabetes Management in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Raymaekers ◽  
Leen Oris ◽  
Sofie Prikken ◽  
Philip Moons ◽  
Eva Goossens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Diabetes Management

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a culturally tailored education module for type 1 diabetes in a resource-constrained setting: protocol for a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Latika Rohilla ◽  
Devi Dayal ◽  
Prahbhjot Malhi ◽  
Bhavneet Bharti ◽  
Sukhpal Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Culturally Tailored

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes education is the key to successful diabetes management. There is a need for an education module for type 1 diabetes (T1D) that is culture-specific and suited to resource constraints.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A mixed-methods study will be conducted, in three phases, to develop and evaluate a culturally tailored diabetes education module for Indian children with T1D and their families. During the first phase, a qualitative study among health professionals and families of children with T1D for need assessment will be conducted. During the second phase, based on the themes from the last phase, an educational module will be developed. The third phase will involve an evaluation of the content, feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed module. The content evaluation will be done using the standardized 'suitability assessment of materials' checklist. For feasibility, a mixed-method approach will be used with iterative cycles of satisfaction scale, semi-structured interview and feasibility and observation checklist. The module will be revised after each cycle till no new changes are suggested. The effectiveness will be assessed by a quasi-experimental controlled trial assessing glycemic control, health-related quality of life, clinically important events and self-management practices in T1D children at baseline and three and six months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study aims at development and validation of a novel culturally tailored diabetes education module for children with T1D, suited to their resource constraints. A module designed with the inputs from all stakeholders, and evaluated using iterative cycles, has the potential to suit the dynamic nature of diabetes management in children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial registration:</strong> Trial registration number is CTRI/2021/04/032739.</p>

scholarly journals Impulse Control, Diabetes-Specific Self-Efficacy, and Diabetes Management Among Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Stupiansky ◽  
K. M. Hanna ◽  
J. E. Slaven ◽  
M. T. Weaver ◽  
J. D. Fortenberry
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Control Diabetes

Habits and Routines during Transitions among Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Hanna ◽  
Jed R. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Insight Into

To provide insight into poorly understood diabetes self-management among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (TID) experiencing transitions, this study described their diabetes self-management-related habits, routines, and disruptions as well as explored relationships among habits and routines. A qualitative study, guided by critical incidence technique, was conducted. Participants were asked to describe situations when they did and did not check blood glucose, administer insulin, eat meals, and exercise as planned. They were also asked to describe activities in a typical day and in association with diabetes self-management. Content analysis with a priori definitions of habits and routines was performed. Participants described diabetes self-management-related transitional disruption as forgetting and disorder. They described habits associated with checking a blood glucose, giving an insulin dose, eating a meal, and initiating exercise. They described routines in association with meals, exercise, and overall diabetes management. These findings provide information on variables to target in intervention research.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, and Glycemic Management in Active Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: An Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9332
Author(s):  
Sheri R. Colberg ◽  
Jihan Kannane ◽  
Norou Diawara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Glycemic Management

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are able to balance their blood glucose levels while engaging in a wide variety of physical activities and sports. However, insulin use forces them to contend with many daily training and performance challenges involved with fine-tuning medication dosing, physical activity levels, and dietary patterns to optimize their participation and performance. The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables related to the diabetes management of physically active individuals with T1D have the greatest impact on overall blood glucose levels (reported as A1C) in a real-world setting. A total of 220 individuals with T1D completed an online survey to self-report information about their glycemic management, physical activity patterns, carbohydrate and dietary intake, use of diabetes technologies, and other variables that impact diabetes management and health. In analyzing many variables affecting glycemic management, the primary significant finding was that A1C values in lower, recommended ranges (<7%) were significantly predicted by a very-low carbohydrate intake dietary pattern, whereas the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices had the greatest predictive ability when A1C was above recommended (≥7%). Various aspects of physical activity participation (including type, weekly time, frequency, and intensity) were not significantly associated with A1C for participants in this survey. In conclusion, when individuals with T1D are already physically active, dietary changes and more frequent monitoring of glucose may be most capable of further enhancing glycemic management.

scholarly journals Positive facilitators of diabetes management in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes—A qualitative analysis of blogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clea Bruun Johansen ◽  
Frans Pouwer ◽  
Henning Beck‐Nielsen ◽  
Mette Juel Rothmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Diabetes Management
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