scholarly journals Adjustable Coins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Shlomo Moran ◽  
Irad Yavneh
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Input Space ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Probability Of Success

Abstract In this paper we consider a scenario where there are several algorithms for solving a given problem. Each algorithm is associated with a probability of success and a cost, and there is also a penalty for failing to solve the problem. The user may run one algorithm at a time for the specified cost, or give up and pay the penalty. The probability of success may be implied by randomization in the algorithm, or by assuming a probability distribution on the input space, which lead to different variants of the problem. The goal is to minimize the expected cost of the process under the assumption that the algorithms are independent. We study several variants of this problem, and present possible solution strategies and a hardness result.

TWO COMMODITY COORDINATED INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH MARKOVIAN DEMAND

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. S. YADAVALLI ◽  
G. ARIVARIGNAN ◽  
N. ANBAZHAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Poisson Processes ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Continuous Review ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The One

This paper considers a two commodity continuous review inventory system. The demand points for each commodity are assumed to form Poisson processes. It is further assumed that the demand for the first commodity require the one unit of second commodity in addition to the first commodity with probability p1. Similarly, the demand for the second commodity require the one unit of first commodity in addition to the second commodity with probability p2. This assumption model the situation in which a buyer who intends to buy one particular commodity may also go for another commodity. The limiting probability distribution for the joint inventory levels is computed. Various operational characteristics, expression for the long run total expected cost rate is derived. The results are illustrated with numerical examples.

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Current Achievement Motivation Across Different Tasks of Cognitive Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Philipp Alexander Freund ◽  
Vanessa Katharina Jaensch ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Test Taker ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Perceived Challenge

Abstract. The current study investigates the behavior of task-specific, current achievement motivation (CAM: interest in the task, probability of success, perceived challenge, and fear of failure) across a variety of reasoning tasks featuring verbal, numerical, and figural content. CAM is conceptualized as a state-like variable, and in order to assess the relative stability of the four CAM variables across different tasks, latent state trait analyses are conducted. The major findings indicate that the degree of challenge a test taker experiences and the fear of failing a given task appear to be relatively stable regardless of the specific task utilized, whereas interest and probability of success are more directly influenced by task-specific characteristics and demands. Furthermore, task performance is related to task-specific interest and probability of success. We discuss the implications and benefits of these results with regard to the use of cognitive ability tests in general. Importantly, taking motivational differences between test takers into account appears to offer valuable information which helps to explain differences in task performance.

The Solution Strategy as an Indicator of the Developmental Stage of Preschool Children’s Mental-Rotation Ability

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Quaiser-Pohl ◽  
Anna M. Rohe ◽  
Tobias Amberger
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Close Relationship

The solution strategies of preschool children solving mental-rotation tasks were analyzed in two studies. In the first study n = 111 preschool children had to demonstrate their solution strategy in the Picture Rotation Test (PRT) items by thinking aloud; seven different strategies were identified. In the second study these strategies were confirmed by latent class analysis (LCA) with the PRT data of n = 565 preschool children. In addition, a close relationship was found between the solution strategy and children’s age. Results point to a stage model for the development of mental-rotation ability as measured by the PRT, going from inappropriate strategies like guessing or comparing details, to semiappropriate approaches like choosing the stimulus with the smallest angle discrepancy, to a holistic or analytic strategy. A latent transition analysis (LTA) revealed that the ability to mentally rotate objects can be influenced by training in the preschool age.

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