Strongly nonatomic densities defined by certain matrices

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Boos ◽  
Toivo Leiger

AbstractDrewnowski and Paúl proved about ten years ago that for any strongly nonatomic submeasure η on the power set P(ℕ) of the set ℕ of all natural numbers the ideal of all null sets of η has the Nikodym property (NP). They stated the problem whether the converse is true in general. By presenting an example, Alon, Drewnowski and Łuczak proved recently that the answer is negative. Nevertheless, it is of mathematical interest to identify classes of submeasures η such that η is strongly nonatomic if and only if the set of all null sets of η has the Nikodym property. In this context, the authors proved some years ago that this equivalence holds, for instance, if one restricts the attention to the case of densities defined by regular Riesz matrices or by nonnegative regular Hausdorff methods. Also sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of the matrix coefficients are given, that the defined density is strongly nonatomic. In this paper we extend these investigations to the class of generalized Riesz matrices, introduced by Drewnowski, Florencio and Paúl in 1994.

Author(s):  
Lorenzo Grassi ◽  
Christian Rechberger ◽  
Markus Schofnegger

Designing cryptographic permutations and block ciphers using a substitutionpermutation network (SPN) approach where the nonlinear part does not cover the entire state has recently gained attention due to favorable implementation characteristics in various scenarios.For word-oriented partial SPN (P-SPN) schemes with a fixed linear layer, our goal is to better understand how the details of the linear layer affect the security of the construction. In this paper, we derive conditions that allow us to either set up or prevent attacks based on infinitely long truncated differentials with probability 1. Our analysis is rather broad compared to earlier independent work on this problem since we consider (1) both invariant and non-invariant/iterative trails, and (2) trails with and without active S-boxes.For these cases, we provide rigorous sufficient and necessary conditions for the matrix that defines the linear layer to prevent the analyzed attacks. On the practical side, we present a tool that can determine whether a given linear layer is vulnerable based on these results. Furthermore, we propose a sufficient condition for the linear layer that, if satisfied, ensures that no infinitely long truncated differential exists. This condition is related to the degree and the irreducibility of the minimal polynomial of the matrix that defines the linear layer. Besides P-SPN schemes, our observations may also have a crucial impact on the Hades design strategy, which mixes rounds with full S-box layers and rounds with partial S-box layers.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Shyam Sundar Santra ◽  
Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Khedher

In this work, we obtained new sufficient and necessary conditions for the oscillation of second-order differential equations with mixed and multiple delays under a canonical operator. Our methods could be applicable to find the sufficient and necessary conditions for any neutral differential equations. Furthermore, we proved the validity of the obtained results via particular examples. At the end of the paper, we provide the future scope of this study.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Cai-Mei Yan ◽  
Rekha Srivastava ◽  
Jin-Lin Liu

A new subclass Σp,q(α,A,B) of meromorphic multivalent functions is defined by means of a q-difference operator. Some properties of the functions in this new subclass, such as sufficient and necessary conditions, coefficient estimates, growth and distortion theorems, radius of starlikeness and convexity, partial sums and closure theorems, are investigated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-826
Author(s):  
Allan Junio ◽  
Ma. Lailani Walo

This paper studies colorings of patterns with multiple orbits, particularly those colorings where the orbits share colors. The main problem is determining when such colorings become perfect. This problem is attacked by characterizing all perfect colorings of patterns through the construction of sufficient and necessary conditions for a coloring to be perfect. These results are then applied on symmetrical objects to construct both perfect and non-perfect colorings.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiangzeng Kong ◽  
Zhiqin Chen ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Wensheng Yang

We propose and study the permanence of the following periodic Holling III predator-prey system with stage structure for prey and both two predators which consume immature prey. Sufficient and necessary conditions which guarantee the predator and the prey species to be permanent are obtained.


1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaisi Takeuti

In this paper, by a function of ordinals we understand a function which is defined for all ordinals and each of whose value is an ordinal. In [7] (also cf. [8] or [9]) we defined recursive functions and predicates of ordinals, following Kleene's definition on natural numbers. A predicate will be called arithmetical, if it is obtained from a recursive predicate by prefixing a sequence of alternating quantifiers. A function will be called arithmetical, if its representing predicate is arithmetical.The cardinals are identified with those ordinals a which have larger power than all smaller ordinals than a. For any given ordinal a, we denote by the cardinal of a and by 2a the cardinal which is of the same power as the power set of a. Let χ be the function such that χ(a) is the least cardinal which is greater than a.Now there are functions of ordinals such that they are easily defined in set theory, but it seems impossible to define them as arithmetical ones; χ is such a function. If we define χ in making use of only the language on ordinals, it seems necessary to use the notion of all the functions from ordinals, e.g., as in [6].


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-Yun Huang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Hai-Feng Huo

A stage-structured three-species predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis and Holling II functional response is introduced. Based on the comparison theorem, sufficient and necessary conditions which guarantee the predator and the prey species to be permanent are obtained. An example is also presented to illustrate our main results.


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