Long- and Short-Term Changes of the Structure of Macrophytes in Lake Piaseczno in Relation to Land Use in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland (Poland)

ABSTRACT The Łęczna-Włodawa Plain, known also as the Łęczna-Wlodawa Lakeland, lies within the territory of the largest subregion of the Polesie region, covering over 1,300 km2. The main interest of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland is that it is the oldest in the Central European Lowlands group of about 68 lakes. Among such a large number of lakes there exist all trophic types. However, since the late 1950’s, enormous dynamics of change associated with the disappearance of oligo- and mesotrophic lakes and their transformation into eutrophic, even hypertrophic, lakes have been observed. One of the biocenotic elements of the lakes, which are indicators of these changes, is aquatic plants. The aim of this study was to determine the macrophyte structure of Piaseczno Lake and changes of land use in its surroundings. Piaseczno Lake still represents very high natural values. A reduction in the number of macrophyte communities, which occurred especially in 2008, was a consequence of the fast-growing recreation infrastructure. From 1976 until 2010 an area of recreation infrastructure in the studied area increased more than 3.5 times, and in the built-up area more than five times, as well as a doubling of the total length of the roads. Meanwhile the surface area of wetlands and peatbogs significantly decreased - more than 11 times. Long-term changes in the structure of the macrophyte communities show that the number of communities has varied in each year, probably as a consequence of changes in landuse. Analysis showed changes to the surfaces inhabited by macrophytes, which have decreased significantly over only four years, by more than 25%. However, the proportion of rush communities has increased.

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Positive Emotions

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0003 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 12-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael A. Cohn ◽

Barbara L. Fredrickson

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Well Being ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

Short Term ◽

Future Success ◽

Broaden And Build Theory ◽

Mental And Physical Health ◽

Very High ◽

Future Growth

Positive emotions include pleasant or desirable situational responses, ranging from interest and contentment to love and joy, but are distinct from pleasurable sensation and undifferentiated positive affect. These emotions are markers of people's overall well-being or happiness, but they also enhance future growth and success. This has been demonstrated in work, school, relationships, mental and physical health, and longevity. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that all positive emotions lead to broadened repertoires of thoughts and actions and that broadening helps build resources that contribute to future success. Unlike negative emotions, which are adapted to provide a rapid response to a focal threat, positive emotions occur in safe or controllable situations and lead more diffusely to seeking new resources or consolidating gains. These resources outlast the temporary emotional state and contribute to later success and survival. This chapter discusses the nature of positive emotions both as evolutionary adaptations to build resources and as appraisals of a situation as desirable or rich in resources. We discuss the methodological challenges of evoking positive emotions for study both in the lab and in the field and issues in observing both short-term (“broaden”) and long-term (“build”) effects. We then review the evidence that positive emotions broaden perception, attention, motivation, reasoning, and social cognition and ways in which these may be linked to positive emotions' effects on important life outcomes. We also discuss and contextualize evidence that positive emotions may be detrimental at very high levels or in certain situations. We close by discussing ways in which positive emotions theory can be harnessed by both basic and applied positive psychology research.

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Site Formation Processes and Long-term Changes in Land Use among Maritime Hunter-Gatherers: A Case Study at the Hamanaka-2 Site, Rebun Island, Hokkaido

Arctic Anthropology ◽

10.1353/arc.2011.0031 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 31-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Sakaguchi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Site Formation ◽

Site Formation Processes ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Hunter Gatherers ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Rebun Island

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The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies

Land Use Policy ◽

10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 105679

Author(s):

António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽

Lisa Maria de Oliveira Martins ◽

Fernando António Leal Pacheco ◽

Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Stream Water ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Land Use Management ◽

Stream Water Quality ◽

Long Term Changes

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Short-Term and Long-Term Changes of Left Ventricular Volumes During Rate-Adaptive and Single-Rate Pacing

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology ◽

10.1111/j.1540-8159.1989.tb01877.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1863-1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MEREDITH I. SEDNEY ◽

ERIC WEIJERS ◽

ERNST E. WALL ◽

JEEEREY D. ADIPRANOTO ◽

JAN CAMPS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Volumes ◽

Short Term ◽

Ventricular Volumes ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Rate Adaptive

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On the peculiarities in the spin-down of isolated radio pulsars

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312023666 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S291) ◽

pp. 208-208

Author(s):

Augustine Chukwude

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Time Resolution ◽

Local Phase ◽

Astronomy Observatory ◽

Radio Pulsars ◽

Short Term ◽

Radio Astronomy Observatory ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Timing Data

AbstractWe investigate the spin-down behaviour of a sample of 25 radio pulsars on decadal timescales (~ 18 years) using a continuous timing data obtained over a period of at Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). Particular attention is placed on achieving a better time resolution of both the short-term and long-term changes in pulsar spin-down using local phase-coherent measurements of the spin-down rates (). We demonstrate that the spin-down of radio pulsars is generally complicated by a superposition of processes that may or may not be related. Specifically, our results show that (i) for 7 pulsars, the observed spin-down variation is largely stochastic, characterized by random and sustained jumps in of varying amplitudes, (ii) for 9 objects, the spin-down evolution shows dominant monotonic variations in superimposed on short-term stochastic jumps in the parameter, and (iii) for the remaining 9 pulsars, the long-term spin-down evolution is non-monotonic, dominated by some systematic excursion in the measured spin-down rates.

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Long-term changes in land use, land cover and vegetation in the Karoo drylands of South Africa: implications for degradation monitoring

African Journal of Range and Forage Science ◽

10.2989/10220119.2018.1516237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (3-4) ◽

pp. 209-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M Timm Hoffman ◽

Andrew Skowno ◽

Wesley Bell ◽

Samukele Mashele

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Degradation Monitoring

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Comparison of Pedestrian Count Expansion Methods: Land Use Groups versus Empirical Clusters

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118793006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2672 (43) ◽

pp. 87-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julia B. Griswold ◽

Aditya Medury ◽

Robert J. Schneider ◽

Offer Grembek

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Count Data ◽

Factor Group ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Short Term ◽

Estimation Errors ◽

Classification Approach ◽

Volume Estimates

Expansion factors based on the trends in long-term count data are useful tools for estimating daily, weekly, or annual volumes from short-term counts, but it is unclear how to differentiate locations by activity pattern. This paper compares two approaches to developing factor groups for hour-to-week pedestrian count expansion factors. The land use (LU) classification approach assumes that surrounding LUs affect the pedestrian activity at a location, and it is easy to apply to short-term count locations based on identifiable attributes of the site. The empirical clustering (EC) approach uses statistical methods to match locations based on the actual counts, which may produce more accurate volume estimates, but presents a challenge for determining which factor group to apply to a location. We found that both the LU and EC approaches provided better weekly pedestrian volume estimates than the single factor approach of taking the average of all locations. Further, the differences between LU and EC estimation errors were modest, so it may be beneficial to use the intuitive and practical LU approach. LU groupings can also be modified with insights from the EC results, thus improving estimates while maintaining the ease of application. Ideal times for short-term counts are during peak activity periods, as they generally produce estimates with fewer errors than off-peak periods. Weekly volume estimated from longer-duration counts (e.g., 12 h) is generally more accurate than estimates from shorter-duration counts (e.g., 2 h). Practitioners can follow this guidance to improve the quality of weekly pedestrian volume estimates.

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The extent of land use impact on water regime

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3435-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Kovář

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Regime ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Short Term ◽

Water Recharge ◽

The Impact

The paper is focused on the impact of land use changes on water regime. First, an emphasis was given to what extent the main components of the water balance on the experimental catchment V&scaron;eminka (region Vsetínské Hills) were influenced. For this reason, the WBCM-5 model was implemented for the period of 10 years in a daily step with a particular reference to simulate the components of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. In the selected years of the period 1990–2000, the major changes were made in land use and also the significant fluctuation of rainfall-runoff regimes were observed (e.g. dry year 1992 and flood year 1997). After WBCM-5 parameter calibration it was found that some water balance components can change in relation to substantial land use changes even up to tens of percent in a balance-consideration, i.e. in daily, monthly and yearly or decade values, namely the components of interception and also of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. However, a different situation appears when investigating significant short-term rainfall-runoff processes. There were about seven real flood events analysed using the model KINFIL-2 (time step 0.5 hr) during the same period of about 10 years on the same catchment. Furthermore, some land use change positive or negative scenarios were also analysed there. As opposed to long-term water balance analyses, there was never achieved any greater differences in the hydrograph peak or volume than 10%. Summarising, it is always important to distinguish a possible land use change impact in either long-term balance or short-term runoff consideration, otherwise a misunderstanding might be easily made, as can often be found when commenting on the impact on floods in some mass media.

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