Late Glacial and Holocene 14 C-Dated Fossil Soils in the Middle Vistula Valley

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Konecka-Betley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene ◽  
Peat Horizon ◽  
Made In

Abstract Transformations of the natural environment in the area surrounding and encompassing the Vistula River valley during the last 20 000 years BP should be discussed with regard to radiocarbon dating of the organic matter in the documented fossil soils. Part of the 14C dates from horizons A of pedosols in the valley have already been published, for the upper part of the valley by Balwierz & Nalepka [1992], and for the lower part - by Turkowska [1992]. Palynologic analysis was also made in many of the documented sites. The most important events in the history of the valley have been supplemented by radiocarbon dating by Starkel [2001]. This report presents 14C dates measured in the buried organic horizons of fossil soils in the Middle Vistula valley between Stężyca (Dęblin area) to Liszyno (Płock area). Most datings were made in the Kampinos Forest. For mineral-organic soils the dates lie between 1080 ± 90 Gd. 19S, Laski [Urbaniak-Biernacka 1973] and 12 160 ± 260 [Gd. 4391, Mariew [Konecka-Betley 1991]. In turn, the base of the oldest peat horizon in the Kampinos Forest supplied a date of 10 S90 ± 340 Gd. 2260, Wilków [Konecka-Betley et al. 1991].

Late Glacial and Holocene history of Plešné Lake and its surrounding landscape based on pollen and palaeoalgological analyses

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Jankovská
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Bohemian Forest ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Biostratigraphic Units

AbstractPollen analysis has been carried out on a 549 cm thick sediment profile from lake Plešné jezero (Plešné Lake) in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava, Czech Republic; 1090 m a.s.l.; 48°47′ N; 13°52′ E). Analyses of 67 samples characterise the development of the lake biotope and the surrounding landscape during the last ca. 14,000 years. The pollen diagram shows a very distinct transition between the Late Glacial and the Holocene biostratigraphic units at a depth of ca. 312 cm. In the surroundings of Plešné Lake the vegetation was treeless during the entire Late Glacial. The alpine tree limit, formed by Betula and Pinus with undergrowth of shrubs, might have been at ca. 500 m a.s.l. Pollen transported from long distances was significant due to the openness of the landscape, coming from southern Europe and even Africa, and including high numbers of Artemisia, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and some other herbs and shrubs from steppe and forest-steppe areas in southern Europe or Africa (likely Ephedra, certainly Lygeum spartum). The expansion of shrubs, particularly Juniperus, preceded the expansion of trees near the end of the Late Glacial. Afforestation of the region by thin stands of Betula and Pinus occurred during the Preboreal. Significant warming in the Boreal resulted in the expansion of Corylus, Quercetum mixtum (QM) trees, and probably also Picea and Alnus. Picea as well as QM trees were further expanding during the Early Atlantic. Picea was the dominant tree during the Late Atlantic and Fagus started to spread towards its end. Abrupt expansion of Abies marks the Subboreal. A high degree of afforestation (Abies, Fagus, Picea) was characteristic for the Early Subatlantic. During Late Subatlantic, pollen of synanthropic plants appears. Phases of the lake biotope development were defined on the basis of coccal green algae and Isoëtes.

Interstadial Conifer Wood from Northern Maine

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
R. Scott Anderson ◽  
Ronald B. Davis ◽  
Robert Stuckenrath ◽  
Harold W. Borns
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New England ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Conifer Wood

Conifer wood, probably spruce (Picea sp.), of middle Wisconsinan age (29,200 ± 500 yr B.P.) was recovered from late-glacial lake sediments from Upper South Branch Pond, Maine. If the wood was derived from a local source, deglaciation of part of northern New England is suggested for this time. The occurrence also has implications for understanding the problem associated with radiocarbon dating of bulk lake sediment containing small amounts of organic matter.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke H Tonneijck ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Organic Horizons

Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.

scholarly journals The Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the area of a fossil lake in the Skaliska Basin (north-eastern Poland) inferred from pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Mirosława Kupryjanowicz ◽  
Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek ◽  
Marta Szal ◽  
Hanna Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

ABSTRACT The development of vegetation in the Skaliska Basin has been reconstructed on the basis of palynological analysis and radiocarbon dating (AMS technique) of 6 sites from the late phase of the Bolling- Allerod interstadial complex to modern times. Although the area covers 90 km2, the mosaic character of habitats led to the development of different patterns of vegetation changes during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Only one site located in the eastern part of the Skaliska Basin reflected the ‘pine phase’ of Allerod, and this is the oldest data on vegetation in the Skaliska Basin. Interesting discrepancies were recorded during the Younger Dryas when patches of shrublands with Juniperus were distinct around some of the sites, while steppe with Artemisia was common in others. The beginning of the Holocene brought an expansion of birch-pine forest, but around 9600 cal. BC a cold oscillation took place which was reflected in an increase in birch in the woodlands in the western and eastern part of the Skaliska Basin. In the Preboreal chronozone elm (Ulmus) also expanded in the area but its appearance was non-synchronous. The vegetation of the Boreal chronozone was similar in the whole area and the most characteristic feature was the rapid expansion of hazel (Corylus avellana) which displaced Betula from the most of its sites. At that time a distinct redeposition of pollen material in the Parchatka river valley was detected which was probably the effect of an increase in fluvial activity of the river (humid oscillation). The following stage of vegetation development was climax woodlands with Tilia cordata, Ulmus, Quercus, Corylus avellana, and Alnus in damp places. At the beginning of the Subboreal chronozone the expansion of Quercus took place, which was subsequently replaced by Picea abies and partly Carpinus betulus. The pattern of Picea abies expansion distinctly presents two maxima which is characteristic of many sites in the north-eastern Poland. The Subatlantic chronozone is represented only by the profile from the Skaliski Forest, where, because of sandy ground, Pinus sylvestris was the dominant element. Human impact was poorly reflected through the rare occurrence of pollen grains of Cerealia type in the pollen profiles spanning the time from the Subboreal chronozone to modern times. In most profiles AMS dating produced age discrepancies, which limited the possibility of establishment of a detailed chronology. However, dates obtained from the material contaminated by mixture of glycerine, thymol and ethyl alcohol, pretreated by alcohol, showed reliable results in most cases.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the last glaciation in the Mazury Lake District (north-eastern Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pochocka-Szwarc
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

ABSTRACT The morphology of the Mazury Lake District (north-eastern Poland) dates from 24-19 ka (main stadial of the youngest Vistulian glaciation). During this last glacial maximum (MIS 2) a belt with lacustrine basins was formed when the ice sheet retreated at the end of the Pomeranian phase. The ice-sheet retreat is morphologically also expressed by the occurrence of end moraines. The study area is situated in the Skaliska Basin, in the northern part of the Lake District (near the Polish/ Russian border), at the periphery of zone with end moraines. Originally the basin was an ice-dammed depression filled with melt water; the water flowed out into the developing Pregoła valley when the ice retreated and did no longer dam off the depression. The basin, which is surrounded by hill-shaped moraines, is filled now with Late Glacial and Holocene glaciolacustrine sediments. The organic sediments of the basin record the history of the Late Glacial and Holocene climatic changes in this region.

scholarly journals Late Glacial and postglacial seismicity in the Northeastern Fennoscandian Shield: tectonic position and age of paleo-earthquakes near Murmansk

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Rodkin ◽  
Sergey V. Shvarev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Fennoscandian Shield ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Tectonic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

Earthquake-induced deformations located near Murmansk City were investigated for information on the age, tectonic position and spatial occurrence of paleo-earthquakes. The main earthquake-generating zone is identified to be the system of strike slip faults and reverse-oblique faults trending NNW along the Kola River valley. We used radiocarbon analysis and paleogeographic reconstructions and revealed three episodes of increased seismic activity: from 9500 to 10500 cal BP, from 892 to 1182 cal BP, and from 200 to 300 cal BP. Based on the peak ground velocity estimation method we suggest that an earthquakes with a maximum moment magnitude up to Mw ≈ 6.0–6.5 may have taken place in the studied area. The recorded location of seismogenic deformation near faults indicates area of strong Late Glacial and Holocene earthquakes occurring in the northern Kola Peninsula; this is also consistent with observations concerning the historical events of 1772 and 1873, which took place near the area.Combined with previous data on palaeoseismicity in Kola region, our studies indicate a longer lasting and more complex spatial and temporal history of postglacial seismicity in the Northeastern Fennoscandian Shield area. In contrast to the generally accepted opinion, strong seismic events occurred not only during the deglaciation period or immediately after it, but continued until the late Holocene and the last centuries. Glacial isostasy as a factor giving rise to stresses has become minimal by the present time, while the tectonic factor continues to be felt.

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