scholarly journals Comparison of Aerodynamic Characteristics among Boreal, Cool-temperate and Warm-temperate Forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro NAKAI ◽  
Takashi KUWADA ◽  
Yuji KODAMA ◽  
Takeshi OHTA ◽  
Trofim C. MAXIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate

scholarly journals Coordination of leaf and stem traits in 25 species of Fagaceae from three biomes of East Asia

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyosada Kawai ◽  
Naoki Okada
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate

It has been debated whether leaf and stem economics spectra are coordinated across species, because previous studies have provided contradictory results. These studies have been restricted to single biomes, and we hypothesize that climate seasonality may determine the strength of coordination between leaf and stem trait combinations. Herein, using 25 Fagaceae species from East Asia, we investigated the coordination of 16 leaf traits and 5 stem traits across and within three biomes (cool temperate, warm temperate, and tropical forests). The traits were chosen to reflect multiple aspects of plant adaptive strategies, such as water, carbon, and nutrient use. The leaf and stem traits of species that reflect resource-use strategies for different resources were functionally coordinated, forming a single axis of trait variation across biomes. This axis represents the trade-off between fast and slow resource-use strategies. We found the trend that the coordination between leaf and stem traits was the strongest in cool temperate forests after removing two Fagus species, followed by warm temperate forests, but was not observed in tropical forests. Our results support the proposed model that plants vary from slow to fast resource exploitation, using closely related species, and suggest that temperature modulates the coordination of leaf and stem economics spectra.

Two new Devonian spine-bearing pleurotomariacean gastropod genera from Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Blodgett ◽  
David M. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Middle Devonian ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Old World ◽  
West Central ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate

Two new spine-bearing gastropods, Chlupacispira spinosa n. gen. and sp. and Spinulrichospira cheeneetnukensis n. gen. and sp., are described from the late Early Devonian (Emsian) and early Middle Devonian (Eifelian), respectively, of west-central Alaska. These represent the earliest reported spiny pleurotomariacean gastropods. Otherwise, spinose pleurotomariaceans are known from strata no older than Carboniferous age. Spinulrichospira cheeneetnukensis n. gen. and sp. appears to represent a more highly ornamented derivative of Ulrichospira Donald. Both new genera are part of the more highly ornamented fauna which occurred in warm equatorial waters of the Old World Realm during the Early and Middle Devonian, in contrast to more weakly ornamented shells of the Eastern Americas Realm and even more weakly ornamented (almost totally “plain”) shells of the Malvinokaffric Realm. The latter two realms are thought to represent subtropical to warm temperate and cool temperate to cool polar conditions, respectively.

Biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships of the Amphipoda: Gammaridea on the French coastline

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Dauvin ◽  
Denise Bellan-Santini
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Latitude Range ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Amphipoda Species ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
Warm Temperate

A recent inventory of the benthic Gammaridea: Amphipoda species on the French continental coastline catalogued 495 species. An analysis of the biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships that exist between the French Amphipoda: Gammaridea, living on the coastline that extends along 10° latitude range in the temperate region between 41° and 51° North and the other gammaridean faunas living in the north-eastern Atlantic has drawn the pattern of diversity in this marine invertebrate group on a large biogeographical scale. Gammaridean amphipods exhibit a latitudinal gradient over the total number of species, including the continental shelf species and the bathyal species. There are four main fauna groups, which correspond to the biogeographical zones of the north-eastern Atlantic: (1) a cold arctic and cool-temperate Svalbard and Norwegian coastal fauna; (2) a cool-temperate boreal and Boreal–Lusitanian United Kingdom, Irish and English Channel shallow fauna; (3) a warm-temperate Lusitanian Bay of Biscay and subtropical central Atlantic fauna; and (4) a subtropical Mediterranean fauna. The French fauna appears particularly rich, presenting 44% of the 1119 species recorded in the north-eastern Atlantic along the 50° latitude range (30°N–80°N).  This is obviously due to France's intermediate latitudinal location within the Lusitanian temperate biogeographical zone, which produces a biogeographical cross between the boreal fauna in the north and the warm temperate and sub-tropical fauna in the south.

Activity times and body temperature in Australian copperheads (Serpentes : Elapidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef H. Rohr ◽  
Brian S. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Activity Times

Local climatic conditions influence the way in which ectotherms regulate their body temperature and activity. We examined correlations between local climatic conditions, body temperature and activity in adult, basking lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) from two localities (warm-temperate versus cool-temperate) in south-eastern Australia. We also collected data from highland copperheads (Austrelaps ramsayi) at a locality with cold-temperate climate. We found that across the active season, mean body temperatures were similar among localities (approximately 27˚C) irrespective of species. In contrast, activity times differed. Cool-temperate A. superbus emerged earlier in spring and in the morning and retreated earlier in the evening and in autumn than their conspecifics from the warm-temperate locality. Spring emergence was correlated with yearly fluctuations in thermal conditions, suggesting that activity times depend on environmental temperatures. Predator–prey interactions influenced body temperature and activity to some extent in spring when warm-temperate A. superbus with relatively low body temperatures (as low as 18.5˚C) were captured around ponds in which they had been foraging for frogs. Austrelaps ramsayi from the cold-temperate locality not only displayed a later emergence in spring and reduced daily activity times compared with warm and cool-temperate A. superbus but also compared with A. ramsayi, as reported from a warmer locality in eastern Australia. These data indicate that activity times vary on a geographic basis while snake body temperatures largely remain inflexible. The surprising exception was that cold-temperate A. ramsayi retreated later in autumn than cool-temperate A. superbus, and at that time they showed body temperatures as low as 12.5˚C, well below those we had recorded for A. superbus. We suggest that A. ramsayi retreat later in autumn because they need to extend their reproductive season and that this is mediated via adaptive changes in the critical minimum body temperature, as has been reported for other snakes.

Fruit fall in five warm- and cool-temperate forests in Yakushima, Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Hanya ◽  
Shin-ichiro Aiba
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Cool Temperate

Defense of Homopteran Honeydew by Birds in the Mexican Highlands and Other Warm Temperate Forests

Oikos ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Greenberg ◽  
Claudia Macias Caballero ◽  
Peter Bichier
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Warm Temperate

scholarly journals Common Allometric Relationships for Estimating Tree Biomasses in Cool Temperate Forests of Japan.

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Komiyama ◽  
Masato Nakagawa ◽  
Shogo Kato
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Cool Temperate
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