From my perspective, the most critical issue in the training of applied anthropologists is how to ensure that those anthropologists will make a contribution to anthropological theory —that is, to the development of an effective science of humanity. By this I mean a science of human behavior, of culture, and of social structure—one that can state, with confidence, the likelihood of various outcomes and interventions and directed change. In practical terms, this means that many students in the future will require very much stronger skills in research design and in quantification, including calculus and numerical modeling. This is not simply because their jobs depend on such skills. Indeed, there are jobs in advocacy and in management which do not require much mathematical training. There are even a few jobs in evaluation research (either in team work, or in the evaluation of small science delivery programs) which require only ethnographic skills. In the general arena of applied research, however, anthropologists in the future will avoid serious training in experimental design and numerical analysis at their peril. Anthropologists have an opportunity to become expert in both qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering and data analysis; and they must do so in order to be competitive.