scholarly journals Osteoarkeologi Rangka Manusia Situs Leang Kado’4, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Fakhri Fakhri ◽  
Delta Bayu Murti Murti ◽  
Budianto Hakim Hakim ◽  
Muhammad Nur Nur ◽  
Akin Duli Duli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analytical Process ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Pembahasan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah uraian osteoarkeologis terkait temuan rangka manusia situs prasejarah Leang Kado‘ 4 di kawasan karst Simbang, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Sebagai bagian dari kajian bioarkeologi, uraian ini meliputi penentuan jenis kelamin, usia kematian, rata-rata tinggi badan, afinitas ras, dan jumlah individu minimal yang ada di Situs Leang Kado‘ 4 sebagai bagian aktivitas penguburan. Metode penelitian menerapkan langkah kerja analisis dalam kajian bioarkeologi yang juga diterapkan dalam disiplin antropologi ragawi. Langkah kerja analisis tersebut, meliputi: identifikasi, pengukuran, komparasi, dan penghitungan estimasi jumlah individu minimal dalam sebuah himpunan data.  Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa sisa rangka manusia di situs Leang Kado‘ 4 memiliki kesamaan dengan dua jenis ras manusia, yaitu ras populasi Sahul-Pacific dikenal pula sebagai Australo-Papuan atau Australomelanesoid dan ras populasi Asia atau Mongoloid. Hadirnya data ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu bahan pertimbangan rekomendasi kebijakan berwawasan pembangunan karakter budaya bangsa yang mengedepankan kebhinekaan asal usul dengan data temuan rangka manusia.    This research aims to provide an osteoarchaeological analysis of the human skeletons found at the prehistoric site of Leang Kado‘ 4 in Simbang karst area, Maros, South Sulawesi. As a part of bioarchaeological studies, the analysis included the determination of sex, age at death, average height, racial affinity, and the minimum number of individuals at the site as part of the burial activities. The research employed the analytical process that is commonly carried out in bioarchaeological and physical anthropological studies. The analytical process consists of identification, measurement, comparison, and estimation of the minimum number of individuals in a data set.  It is concluded that the human skeletal remains at Leang Kado‘ 4 site share several similarities with two human races, i.e. Sahul-Pacific race also known as Australo-Papuan or Australomelanesoid and Asian or Mongoloid race. It is expected that all this data can be used as a base for developing policies oriented to the development of the national character and culture by emphisizing the diversity of the people’s origins, which is supported by data on human skeletal remains.

THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE MOON PYRAMID, TEOTIHUACAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Spence ◽  
Grégory Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Cranial Modification ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractBeginning with Building 4, each new version of the Moon Pyramid in Teotihuacan was initiated with a major sacrificial event. These events invariably included human victims, males ranging in age from about 14 to 60 or more years (Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) = 37). Many display cranial modification and dental decoration. In the earliest offering, Burial 2, the lone human was merely one element in a complex tableau. In subsequent sacrifices, the human victims increased in number and became a major focus of the event. There was also a growing dichotomy among them, with numbers of decapitated victims being included in the sacrifices. Skeletal elements from the pyramid fill suggest still other rituals involving human crania (MNI = 11), but the context of these is not yet clear.

scholarly journals Earliest Evidence of Neolithic Collective Burials from Eastern Iberia: Radiocarbon Dating at the Archaeological Site of Les Llometes (Alicante, Spain)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo C Salazar-García ◽  
Oreto García-Puchol ◽  
María Paz de Miguel-Ibáñez ◽  
Sahra Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn the Valencia region of Spain, the dominant use of natural caves for collective burials during the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods has been documented. Collective burials are central to the hypothesis about social relationships in Copper Age societies from Iberia, and key to interpreting kinship-based societies. Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alicante) is one of the biggest collective burial sites existing in eastern Iberia. This article presents the direct14C dates on 25 skeletal remains at the site. The results indicate that the site was used as a burial place from the end of the 5th millennium cal BC until the end of the 4th millennium cal BC, and is a first milestone for future studies that will shed light on the transition towards social structure through the use of a cemetery space. Moreover, this research is one of the few investigations of Late Neolithic collective burials in Iberia that comprises an extensive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C data set of almost all the individuals reported at a single site. This case also serves to highlight the utility of revisiting materials from historic excavations by14C dating all the skeletal remains that define the minimum number of individuals, and therefore ensuring a more complete picture of the prehistoric human record.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Fauna Vertebrata dan Kondisi Lingkungan Masa Okupasi 8.000 – 550 BP di Situs Leang Jarie, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

AMERTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Fakhri ◽  
Budianto Hakim ◽  
Yulastri ◽  
Salmia ◽  
Suryatman
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Utilization Of Vertebrate Fauna And Environmental Conditions Of Occupational Period 8.000 – 550 BP On The Site Of Leang Jarie, Maros, South Sulawesi. Vertebrate Remains from Leang Jarie Site at 8.000-550 BP Occupation in Maros Karst Area, South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of vertebrate fauna in Maros Pangkep karstic area, as one of the occupation areas at 8.000 years ago, Specifically, the purpose of this study is to describe of faunal remains found in the 2018-2019 excavation at Leang Jarie Site, Maros, South Sulawesi. This goal is achieved by using the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) calculation methods. The results of the study then showed that the fauna lived alongside human at this site included: fish, lizards, snakes, birds, frogs/toad, small Sulawesi cuscus, microchiroptera, megachiroptera, Sulawesi monkeys, rats, weasel/ferrets, babirussa and sus celebensis, anoa, buffaloes, and dogs. The results of the analysis and identification show that the presence of fauna on the Leang Jarie site is strongly influenced by humans who inhabit this site, this can be seen from the variety of fauna that lives following the changes of humans who inhabit Leang Jarie Sites at 8.000 to 550 BP. This study is one of the references of fauna that have lived and used as a food source or as human life support in this area.   Abstrak. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang fauna vertebrata di kawasan karst Maros Pangkep sebagai salah satu wilayah hunian sejak 8.000 tahun yang lampau, khususnya tentang jenis fauna pada ekskavasi 2018 dan 2019 di Situs Leang Jarie, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis penghitungan number of identified specimens dan penghitungan minimum number of individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fauna yang hidup berdampingan dengan manusia di situs itu, antara lain ikan, kadal/biawak, ular, burung, katak/kodok, kuskus kecil Sulawesi, kelelawar pemakan serangga, kelelawar pemakan buah, monyet sulawesi, tikus, musang, babi rusa dan babi Sulawesi, anoa, kerbau, dan anjing. Hasil analisis dan identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan fauna di Situs Leang Jarie sangat dipengaruhi oleh manusia yang menghuni situs itu. Hal itu terlihat dari variasi fauna yang hidup mengikutiperubahan manusia yang mendiaminya pada 8.000 sampai 550 BP. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu referensi informasi fauna yang pernah hidup dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan makanan atau sisa fauna yang dimanfaatkan sebagai peralatan penunjang hidup manusia di wilayah tersebut.

Kom el-Dikka 2014: human bones from Area U

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Urszula Okularczyk ◽  
Robert Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Archaeological excavations of the medieval Islamic burial ground in the northern part of area U on the Kom el-Dikka site in Egyptian Alexandria, carried out from 2012 to 2014, yielded a total of 98 graves. Of these, 75 contained human skeletal remains. The minimum number of individuals (MNI) was 156. The article presents preliminary studies on this sample. The scope of the investigation was limited, however, owing to the poor state of preservation of the bone material.

scholarly journals Palaeodemographics of individuals in Dinaledi Chamber using dental remains

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra R. Bolter ◽  
John Hawks ◽  
Barry Bogin ◽  
Noel Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dental Material ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
High Representation

Hominin skeletal remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, represent a minimum of 15 individuals of the extinct species Homo naledi. We examined the dental material from this sample in order to assess the life-history stages of individuals in the sample, in particular to determine the minimum number of individuals in the sample as a whole, and within each of six age classes. We found evidence of individuals within every age class: infant, early juvenile, late juvenile, subadult, young adult and old adult. The Dinaledi Chamber sample is notable in comparison to other samples of human, chimpanzee and fossil hominins in that it has a relatively high representation of juvenile remains, as compared to infants and adults. With 15 individuals, the sample size presented by the Dinaledi dental material is too small to test the hypothesis of attritional versus catastrophic accumulation. The data here provide a basis for further investigation of individual associations within this commingled assemblage, and provide an important comparative data set as a basis for the consideration of life history in H. naledi and other extinct hominin populations.

scholarly journals Non-scientific Archaeological Recovery of Human Remains from an Ancient Well in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sehrawat ◽  
R. K. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Forensic Archaeology ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Forensic archaeology is a scientific discipline that can expose past crime(s) against humanity by recovering the bodies of victims and meticulously documenting any proof of torture, trauma or human rights violations. Archaeological recovery of human remains deposited in pre-existing structures or features such as wells, potholes, natural ravines, roadside trenches, sewage systems etc., have been reported from many sites worldwide. In April, 2014, thousands of human bones, teeth as well as a number of personal effects including coins, medals and beaded armbands were unscientifically excavated from a well—presumably dating from the nineteenth century—located under a religious structure in the heart a North Indian town. Without the assistance of scientific expertise or local administration, locals excavated the remains to verify whether the well containing human bones was a result of an event which had been documented in the written records. The unscientific excavation by locals with no formal qualifications in archaeology or anthropology, resulted in the enhanced damage and commingling of human remains limiting information on the minimum number of individuals, age-at-death, sex, pathological conditions, trauma, etc. which may have assisted in identification and a stronger corroboration with the historical records. This paper aims to emphasize that if scientific protocols had been followed—including the participation of a multidisciplinary excavation team with experts from diverse scientific disciplines like forensic archaeology, anthropology, geology, skeletal biology, history, forensic medicine etc.—data and context would have been greatly enhanced and information may have been obtained about the deceased individuals and whether they were the victims of crimes dating to the nineteenth century.

On the subsistence practices of the Shi’erqiao Culture: focused on zooarchaeology

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyu He
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractThrough the analyses of the number of identified specimens (NISP), minimum number of individuals (MNI) and estimation of meat available from the animal remains unearthed from representative sites of the Chengdu Plain Type and Eastern Chongqing Type of the Shi’erqiao Culture, this paper discusses the subsistence strategy of this culture. The results show that the meat resources of the Chengdu Plain Type were mainly domesticated animals, while those of the Eastern Chongqing Type were mainly hunted animals. This paper draws the conclusion that in the early stage of human civilization, the subsistence strategies of different types of the same archaeological culture might be different, while those of different archaeological cultures might be similar; the factors influencing the subsistence strategies are mainly the natural environment, regional economic traditions, and population pressures.

On the Methodology of Faunal Analysis

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald K. Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Faunal Analysis ◽  
Reliable Analysis ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Minimum Numbers ◽  
Faunal Studies ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Proper Unit

AbstractAlthough faunal analysis has a long history in archaeological studies, little emphasis has been placed upon the development of methodologies which would allow the valid and reliable analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites. The most crucial decision which a faunal analyst must make as regards the statistical manipulation of his data concerns the proper unit to use in that manipulation. The 2 units which seem to have gained most popularity in faunal studies are discussed, as are the generally non-comparable results which stem from the various ways in which 1 of these units—the minimum number of individuals—has been applied. Finally, suggestions for the standardization of the use of minimum numbers in faunal analysis are made.

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