Review of the research programme on the Mortella III wreck (2010-2020, Corsica, France): A contribution to the knowledge of the Mediterranean naval architecture and material culture of the Renaissance.

The Mortella wrecks are the remains of two navi, Genoese seagoing merchant ships, sunk in 1527 in the Bay of Saint-Florent (Upper-Corsica, France) during the Seventh Italian War. A programme of archaeological excavations and historical research has been held on one of them, Mortella III, between 2010 and 2020. It has involved a multidisciplinary team around a European research project called ModernShip (Horizon 2020), whose objective is to shed light on Mediterranean shipbuilding during the Renaissance, a field still little known to this day. At the end of these 10 years, the aim of the present article is to conclude this research programme with the presentation of a scientific review that complements a recently published monograph on the Mortella III wreck. This study presents the latest results on the ship's architecture obtained during the excavation of the wreck in 2019, including a study of the wood of the framework. Finally, this article broadens our understanding of the nave presenting the results of a collaborative line of research on material culture with three studies in close connection with the ship architecture: artillery, anchors and ceramics.

Α Hoard of Chersonesian Tetrassarii with Dates from Dezdar-dere 2 Necropolis (Sevastopol)

In 2020, a hoard of 14 Chersonesian tetrassarii with dates was discovered during the archaeological excavations at Dezdar-dere 2 Necropolis located on the territory of Sevastopol. The assemblage contains coins bearing the years 94, 96 and 120 of the Chersonesian era. All tetrassarii bear a round countermark depicting the Virgin holding a bow and a spear. The hoard was most likely concealed at the very beginning of Hadrian’s reign. Since only a few dozen single Chersonesian tetrassarii of the Flavian time have survived, as well as a small number of hoards is known, containing them, this circumstance emphasizes the special importance of finding a new homogeneous assemblage of dated coins of Tauric Chersonesos.

THE GREATNESS OF THE GREAT PALACE

This article is to scientifically enlighten the history of construction and to architecturaly re-create the original appearance of the Ak-Saray palace, which was built in the late 14th - early 15th centuries in Shakhrisabz by Amir Temur. The Ak-Saray palace is the largest in Central Asia ensemble of national architecture and national heritage of the epoch of Amir Temur. The article is based on the latest archaeological excavations conducted by Kh.T. Sultanov on the territory of the Ak-Saray palace.

Women’s Hairstyles and Head Ornamentation of the Yakuts in the 18th century

Mass Christianization of the peoples of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia) at the end of the 18th century led to the development of a demotic Christianity throughout the 19th century. There were new rules, according to which a woman was not permitted to appear in public with her head uncovered, and therefore the marking function of the hairstyles became obsolete. This could explain the absence of rituals and rules associated with women’s hair and hairstyles in the Yakut culture of the 19th–20th centuries. The aim of this study is to prove a hypothesis, according to which pendants of hair ornamentation duplicate braids, and studying the pendants of the headrest ‘nachel’nik’ allows recreation of women’s hairstyle that had been in use before the period of mass Christianization. The article is based on the analysis of written, material, and visual sources of the 18th–19th centuries. Information about the hairstyles and adornments of the Yakuts is contained within the records of travelers of the 18th–19th centuries. Among the ethnographic works on the peoples of Siberia, one can find drawings depicting maidens and women, where particular attention is given to their hair. These materials were correlated with the data of the archaeological excavations of Yakut female burials of the 18th century. The obtained results were compared with the materials from the 19th century — photographs of women in national costumes and jewelry from museum collections. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that there was a tradition of changing maiden’s hairstyle to woman’s hairstyle in the context of the wedding ritualism. New rules of conduct, social roles, especially regulations on the appearance of women, were formalized in the society in the 19th century with the mass Christianization of the peoples of Yakutia. There were new rules, according to which a woman was not permitted to appear in public with her head uncovered, and therefore the marking function of hairstyles became obsolete. This could explain the absence of rituals and rules associated with women’s hair and hairstyles in the Yakut culture of the 19th–20th centuries.

Recovering Roman London

This chapter presents a short history of relevant archaeological research in London. It traces a long story of discovery that was born of seventeenth-century antiquarianism, stimulated by opportunities for discovery in rescue archaeology during Victorian rebuilding in the City of London, and came to maturity in England’s post-war development-led urban archaeology. This historiographic review explains how archaeological research has been organized in London, and how opportunities for study are a product of programmes of urban regeneration. The complex dialogue between archaeologists and developers has made a major contribution to the study and management of historic urban landscapes. It is explained that many hundreds of archaeological excavations have taken place in London over the last 400 years, but that many of the more important results remain relatively inaccessible.

Slipware from Tykocin Castle (Poland) from the 16th–18th Century

The main goal of this article is to analyse post-medieval slipware found during archaeological excavations in Tykocin Castle and to describe its distinguishing features: decorative characteristics and forms. Further considerations are aimed at reconstructing the functions of the Tykocin slipware vessels in the castle household throughout the 16th to 18th centuries and attempting to determine their provenance. The analysis is preceded by the list of terminological problems pertaining to this pottery group in the Polish literature as well as elementary information on its production centres in Poland against the European background.

Before Bagan: Using Archaeological Data Sets to Assess the Traditional Historical Narrative | ပုဂံမတိုင်မီကာလ၏အစဉ်အလာသမိုင်းအဆိုအမိန့်များကို ရှေးရောင်းသုရတသ နပညာှပ်ဆိုင်ှာအချက်အလက်များအသုံးပပု၍ဆန်းစစ်ပခင်း

What we know about Bagan derives almost exclusively from historical sources – namely retrospective chronicles, inscriptions, and changing architectural styles. To date, archaeological excavations have played a limited role in augmenting or challenging this traditional narrative. This is unfortunate, because small scale excavations within Bagan’s peri-urban settlement zone, and within the walled and moated “royal city,” have demonstrated considerable knowledge about the city’s past. This is especially true for the Pre-Bagan phase (600-1044 CE). This presentation documents what we think we know about the time “before Bagan,” using the established sources, and assesses this narrative using information from contemporaneous excavation levels. ပုဂံခေတ်ယဉ်ချေးမှုအခြျာင်းျို သမိုင်းအေေျ်လျ်မေားဖြစ်သည့် အစဉ်အလာရာဇဝင်မှတ်တမ်းမေား၊ ချောျ်စာမေား၊ နှင့် ခဖပာင်းလဲလာေဲ့သည့်ဗိသုျာပုံ စံမေားမှသာလေင် သိြျရသည်။ နှစ်သျ်တမ်း သတ်မှတ်ရန်အတွျ် ခရှးခောင်းသုခတ သနဆိုင်ရာတူးခြာ်ခလ့လာမှုမေားသည်အစဉ်အလာအဆိုအမိန့် မေားျို ခဝြန်စစ်ခဆးရန် (သို့) ဖပင်ဆင်ြျရန် လုံခလာျ်မှုမရှိြျခသးခေေ။ ပုဂံမမို့ရိုး၊ ျေုံးဧရိယာနှင့် မမို့အစွန်အြေ ားခနရာမေားတွင်ခလ့လာေဲ့သည့် အနည်းငယ်မျှခသာ စမ်းသပ်တူးခြာ်ခလ့လာမှုမေားျ ပုဂံမမို့၏အတိတ်ျာလျို သိရှိနိုင်ခစရန် ရုပ်လုံးခြာ်ြပခနြျသည်။ ပုဂံမမို့ဖပမတိုင်မီျာလ (၆၀၀-၁၀၄၄ စီအီး)နှစ်သျ်တမ်းတွျ်ေေျ်မှုအခဖြမေားရရှိေဲ့သည်။ ယေုတင်ဖပမည့် စာတမ်းမှာ ပုဂံခေတ် မတိုင်မီျာလအခြျာင်းအရာမေားျို ခရှးခောင်းသုခတသနပ ညာရပ်ဆိုင်ရာတူးခြာ်မှုရလဒ်မေားနှင့် အစဉ်အလာအဆိုအမိန့်အေေျ်အလျ်မေားျို စစ်ခဆးအသုံးဖပုလေျ် မည်ျဲ့သို့ခတွးခတာသိရှိလာနိုင် ခြျာင်းျို တင်ဖပမည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။

Late Medieval and Modern Ceramics from the Castle in Przezmark in the Light of the Results of Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry – an Attempt at Interpretation

Archaeological excavations of the Institute of Archaeology UKSW lasted from July to August 2017. Principals have reviewed the area. In the first season, four excavations were opened – three (A–C) ones in the high castle and one (D) in the middle castle area. Trench A was founded on the outside of the south-eastern corner of the castle. The work was to verify the presence of the external wall – it was built from the side of the lake, present on the plans of the castle. During the excavation tests, the remains of the toilet tank were unveiled. Fragments of usable ceramics were extracted from these places. Samples were taken from vessels and transferred to the laboratory. During the chemical analysis, fatty acids were isolated. Based on the proportion of acids obtained, an attempt was made to interpret food prepared in dishes. The following tests were chosen for the tests: lid (P1), six den (P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7), two bellies (P9, P10) and two outlets (P8 and P11). After an overall analysis, it was found that FAME of plant and animal origin was detected in all samples.

Geophysical investigations at the Anuru Bay trepang site: A new approach to locating Macassan archaeological sites in Northern Australia

This paper presents the results of a magnetometer survey and initial archaeological excavations of Macassan and Indigenous features conducted at the Anuru Bay Macassan trepang processing site. The archaeology of this area is complex, containing both material reflecting the Indigenous utilisation of coastal resources and the periodic visits of the Macassan trepangers from Indonesia. Despite a history of archaeological investigations on Macassan period sites (i.e. Clarke 1994; McKnight 1976; Mitchell 1994), geophysical survey has not previously been applied as part of these investigations. While Macassan sites may contain features amenable to conventional archaeological geophysics (such as iron trepang processing pots), additional potential exists for the application of magnetometry to locate features created through burning, as has been applied to Australian Indigenous sites (Bonhomme & Stanley 1985; Fanning et al. 2009; Moffat et al. 2008 & 2010; Stanley & Green 1976; Wallis et al. 2008) and international Indigenous sites (Abbot & Frederick 1990; Batt & Dockrill 1998; Jones & Munson 2005). The results of this study demonstrate that this approach is equally applicable to Macassan sites, opening up a new and potentially fruitful avenue for exploring the archaeology of this trade system.

Archaeology of rock art at Dalakngalarr 1, centralwestern Arnhem Land

In 2011, we began researching the subsurface archaeology, geomorphology and rock art ofDalakngalarr 1, a moderately sized rock shelter on top of the central-western Arnhem Landplateau in Jawoyn Country. Here, four lines of evidence give relative or absolute ages for rockart:1. Archaeological excavations adjacent to a boulder that contains a painting of a red macropodreveal when that boulder attained its present position, so the red macropod must have beenpainted sometime afterwards.2. Paintings of axe/hoes with metal heads indicate that they were painted during the Europeancontact period. A nearby group of X-ray images are painted in comparable pigments,suggesting that they are contemporaneous with the axe/hoes.3. Geomorphological evidence suggests that parts of the site’s ceiling collapsed at datable timesin the past, indicating that the art on that roof must post-date the roof collapse.4. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on beeswax art.