Psychosocial Stress and Attitudes Toward Substance Use Among College Students: An Exploratory Study

Substance use occurs on college campuses nationwide and is among the top threats to college-student health. The present study aimed to explore the impact of stress on substance use attitudes. The independent variable was acute psychosocial stress, induced using the Trier Social Stress Test. We measured chronic stress using the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. The Alcohol Purchase Task (i.e., alcohol demand, alcohol breakpoint, alcohol expenditure) and the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events-Revised questionnaire (i.e., expected involvement with substances and expected benefits and consequences of using substances) were the dependent variables. We predicted that participants who completed the acute stress task would report greater attitudes toward substance use behaviors and this would be more pronounced for those with higher levels of chronic stress. Acute stress did not affect willingness to pay for alcohol, F(3, 85) = 0.55, p = .65, ηp2 = 0.02, or expected positive or negative consequences from engaging in substance use, F(3, 85) = 0.44, p = .73, ηp2 = 0.02. There was a small positive association between chronic stress, as measured by adverse childhood experiences, and expected use, ρ(89) = .22, p = .04. In exploratory analyses, we found expected positive benefits of substance use to be significantly associated with expected future involvement, whereas expected negative consequences of substance use was associated with expected future involvement. Our results imply that acute and chronic stress were not significant in predicting substance use behaviors. Rather, those who expect benefits are more likely to use substances.

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Do Social Bonds Buffer the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Reoffending?

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice ◽

10.1177/1541204016630033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 3-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jessica M. Craig ◽

Michael T. Baglivio ◽

Kevin T. Wolff ◽

Alex R. Piquero ◽

Nathan Epps

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Social Bonds ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Adjudicated Youth ◽

Future Directions ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Research from multiple disciplines has reported that exposure to childhood traumatic events, often referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), increases an individual’s chances of experiencing a wide variety of negative consequences such as chronic disease, unemployment, and involvement in serious, violent, and chronic offending. The current study assesses how protective factors from social bonds may moderate the relationship between ACEs and future offending in a sample of high-risk adjudicated youth. While results showed that increased ACE exposure led to a higher likelihood of rearrest and more social bonds lowered the likelihood of rearrest, in contrast to expectations, the analyses revealed that stronger social bonds did not reduce the deleterious effects of exposure to more types of ACEs on recidivism. A discussion of these findings is offered, along with study limitations and future directions.

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Adverse childhood experience and asthma onset: a systematic review

European Respiratory Review ◽

10.1183/16000617.00004114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (136) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Daniel Exley ◽

Alyson Norman ◽

Michael Hyland

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Adverse Childhood Experience ◽

Childhood Experience ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse and neglect are associated with subsequent immune dysregulation. Some studies show an association between adverse childhood experiences and asthma onset, although significant disparity in results exists in the published literature.We aimed to review available studies employing a prospective design that investigates associations between adverse childhood experience and asthma. A search protocol was developed and studies were drawn from four electronic journal databases. Studies were selected in accordance with pre-set inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted.12 studies, assessing data from a total of 31 524 individuals, were identified that investigate the impact of a range of adverse childhood experiences on the likelihood of developing asthma. Evidence suggests that chronic stress exposure and maternal distress in pregnancy operate synergistically with known triggers such as traffic-related air pollution to increase asthma risk.Chronic stress in early life is associated with an increased risk of asthma onset. There is evidence that adverse childhood experience increases the impact of traffic-related air pollution and inconsistent evidence that adverse childhood experience has an independent effect on asthma onset.

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The inter-relationship between acquired brain injury, substance use and homelessness; the impact of adverse childhood experiences: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study

Disability and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1080/09638288.2019.1700565 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Christian D. Adshead ◽

Alyson Norman ◽

Mark Holloway

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Phenomenological Analysis ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Analysis Study ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact

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EFFECT OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES ON DAILY SUPPORT TO FAMILY AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING IN ADULTHOOD

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.874 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S235-S235

Author(s):

Jooyoung Kong ◽

Yin Liu ◽

David Almeida

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Family Members ◽

Well Being ◽

National Study ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact

Abstract Extensive evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to negative health effects across a lifetime. This study examines the impact of ACEs on the frequency of providing daily support (i.e., unpaid assistance, emotional support, and disability-related assistance) to family members and the moderating effects of ACEs in the association between providing daily support to family and daily negative affect. Using the National Study of Daily Experiences II, we analyzed a total of 14,912 daily interviews from 2,022 respondents aged 56 on average. Key results showed that a greater number of ACEs were associated with providing more frequent emotional support to family. We also found the significant interaction effect that adults with more ACEs showed greater negative affect on the days when they provided assistance to family members with disabilities. The findings underscore the long-term negative impact of ACEs on daily well-being in the context of family relationships.

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