Customs Value of Goods and VAT Amounts Brought by Contractors or Paid as Part of the Withholding Agent's Duty Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710-1723
Author(s):  
Aleksei A. ARTEM'EV ◽  
Elena Yu. SIDOROVA
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Transaction Value

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the customs value of goods and VAT amounts brought by contracting parties or paid as part of the withholding agent's duty fulfillment. Objectives. The article aims to investigate the problems of determining the customs commodity cost in situations where part of the elements of the customs value calculated through the Transaction Value of Imported Goods (Method 1) method contains the VAT amount. Methods. To study the problem, we used the methodological approaches of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Customs Organization (WCO), and the Russian judicial authorities. Results. Based on the use of the methodological approaches, the article concludes that it is economically feasible and legally necessary to include the full amounts accrued in favor of contracting parties including VAT in the customs value of goods.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

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