scholarly journals 15. The Comparative Toxicity of two Canadian Diluted Bitumens to Developing Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denby McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Cold Lake

Increasing demand for diluted bitumen (dilbit) has led to the development of the Alberta oil sands industry and the expansion of current and future transcontinental pipelines. However, the growth of oil transportation has led to public concern about the effects of potential dilbit spills to aquatic ecosystems. Although the toxic effects of crude oils through exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are well characterized, little is known about the toxic effects of dilbit because of the variable proportions of diluent added to bitumen. Here we assessed the toxicity of the two most transported dilbits in Canada, Access Western Blend (AWB) and Cold Lake Blend (CLB) to developing yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a species distributed throughout North America. Embryos were exposed to dilbit until hatch, or up to 16 days, using a static daily renewal treatment regime of water accommodated fractions (WAF) and chemically-enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAF) of dilbit at total PAH (TPAH) concentration ranges of 0.02 to 10.7 μg/L and 0.21 to 20.4 μg/L TPAH, respectively. Results show that with increased TPAH concentration, the frequency of hatched embryos with developmental malformations increased proportionally. Expression of genes associated with phase I and II detoxification, cellular stress, and xenobiotic metabolism were altered in higher TPAH concentrations. This is the first study assessing the toxicity of both AWB and CLB dilbits on wild-sourced fish. With recent approvals of pipelines in North America, these biomarkers will assist risk assessments and monitoring of Canadian ecosystems should a pipeline spill occur.  

Effects of oil sands related aquatic reclamation on yellow perch (Perca flavescens). II. Chemical and biochemical indicators of exposure to oil sands related waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R van den Heuvel ◽  
M Power ◽  
M D MacKinnon ◽  
D G Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
Mixed Function Oxygenase ◽  
Experimental Ponds

Adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were stocked into experimental ponds designed to emulate possible aquatic reclamation alternatives of the oil sands mining industry. After 5 and 11 months, mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) activity, liver conjugation enzymes, bile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) equivalents, and plasma sex steroids were measured. Liver MFO activity and bile PAH equivalent concentration were closely correlated and showed the highest levels in the experimental ponds but also demonstrated a gradient of exposure among reference locations. Levels of steroid hormones in fall-captured fish did not show major differences among sites. However, during winter, yellow perch from three sites, including the experimental ponds, showed low levels of sex steroids in both males and females. Multivariate regressions showed no relationship between steroid hormone concentrations and gonad size or fecundity. Similarly, steroid hormones did not parallel the gradient of exposure as measured by MFO and bile PAH metabolites. Gonad size and fecundity also were not directly correlated with the gradient of exposure observed in this study. Although MFO activity and bile PAH equivalents were good indicators of exposure to oil sands related waters, they were not predictive of physiological endpoints, suggesting that the latter were influenced primarily by ecological and not by chemical factors.

Effects of oil sands related aquatic reclamation on yellow perch (Perca flavescens). I. Water quality characteristics and yellow perch physiological and population responses

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R van den Heuvel ◽  
M Power ◽  
M D MacKinnon ◽  
T Van Meer ◽  
E P Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
Spawning Periodicity ◽  
Experimental Ponds

In order to test the viability of oil sands aquatic reclamation techniques, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were stocked into three experimental ponds. Pond substrates consisted of either oil sands fine tailings or clay and lean oil sands deposited by the mining operations. Yellow perch were stocked immediately postspawning and subsamples were sacrificed at 5 and 11 months to measure indicators of energy storage and utilization. These indicators included survival, age, spawning periodicity, condition factor, gonad size, fecundity, and liver size. Indicators generally showed patterns consistent with improved energy storage and utilization in the experimental pond yellow perch as compared with yellow perch in the lake from which the stocked fish originated. This was evidenced by increased gonad size, condition factor, and liver size and the disappearance of spawning periodicity. The patterns observed in experimental ponds suggest improved resource availability and (or) reduced intra- and interspecific competition. Yellow perch physiological indicators were also compared with those measured at several remote natural lakes in the area. Fisheries parameters measured in yellow perch from the experimental ponds generally fell within the range of those found in natural lakes.

Evidence of impaired health in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological mercury hotspot in northeastern north America

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina L. Batchelar ◽  
Karen A. Kidd ◽  
Paul E. Drevnick ◽  
Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽  
Neil M. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Impaired Health

Studies on the heterophyid trematode Apophallus brevis, the "sand-grain grub" of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). II The metacercaria: position, structure, and composition of the cyst; hosts; geographical distribution and variation

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Patchy Distribution

The metacercarial cyst of Apophallus brevis, the "sand-grain grub," is composed of fish bone within peripheral blood vessels of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) forming a tire-like structure; two escape canals are maintained opposite each other. In thin section, lines indicating interruption of growth apparently delimit annual incrementation as in scales and other bony structures of fish. Cysts are oriented with their long axes paralleling the long axis of a host's body with escape canals contiguous to walls of enclosing blood vessels. Cysts of A. brevis in situ at times appear partially or entirely pigmented but are actually transparent; pigmentation, when present, is a phenomenon of a cyst's position within certain types of blood vessels and is not an integral part of a cyst's construction. The organism as a metacercaria is almost exclusively a parasite of yellow perch (known deviations are noted) and is apparently confined to North America, having a known broad range from Saskatchewan to Cape Cod. Massachusetts. Distribution is extremely diffuse and appears dependent on patchy distribution of the organism's molluscan host, Amnicola limosa. Geographical variation in cyst site selection and clustering indicates some sort of intraspecies inhibition on the part of metacercariae of A. brevis.

Reproductive development of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to oil sands-affected waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. van den Heuvel ◽  
Natacha S. Hogan ◽  
Scott D. Roloson ◽  
Glen J. Van Der Kraak
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Reproductive Development

Systematic position of Urocleidus adspectus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) of Perca flavescens

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
D. K. Cone
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Systematic Position

Urocleidus adspectus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae), on the gills of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in North America, is redescribed. Contrary to previous belief, the accessory piece articulates with the cirrus base and the vas deferens loops around the left intestinal crus.

Disease and Gill Lesions in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Exposed to Oil Sands Mining-Associated Waters

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. van den Heuvel ◽  
M. Power ◽  
J. Richards ◽  
M. MacKinnon ◽  
D.G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Oil Sands Mining
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