Comparison of Pitch Accent in Native Speakers of English & Mandarin Learners of English

Author(s):  
Sonja Frazier

This research project was conducted as a pilot study to explore how pitch accent is used by NCES (Native Canadian English Speakers) and MLE (Mandarin Learners of English). Pitch accents are the prominent high or low tones, that are predominantly found on content words (N, V, Adv, Adj, etc.) in English. In order to compare how both speech communities use pitch accent in English, participants were given an EI (Elicited Imitation) Task. The EI involved participants hearing and then repeating a sentence. It is also reconstructive in nature meaning that the participants process the sentence, then reconstruct it with their own grammar, and finally reproduce it. The results showed that Mandarin speakers had more pitch accents than English speakers, adding pitch accents on function words (Art, Pro, Prep, etc.) as well. The results also demonstrated that Mandarin speakers had less creaky words (words said in a very low pitch, also known as laryngealization or vocal fry) than the English participants. Implications of this study concern ESL Education; such as should English pitch accent patterns and creak in English be taught to English language learners.

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Biemiller

It is well-established that vocabulary is the strongest predictor of reading comprehension from grades 2 or 3 on. In this article, I argue (a) that English vocabulary is acquired in a similar sequence by native-English speakers and English-language learners; and (b) that it is possible to identify words that both lower-vocabulary English-speakers and English-language learners need to acquire. At least one published listing of these needed word meanings is available.


Author(s):  
Candance Doerr-Stevens

The pedagogy of multiliteracies aims to push our understanding of literacy beyond that of traditional reading and writing practices to include multiple practices of designing meaning that are often multimodal in nature. This chapter explores one of these multiliterate practices, that of hybrid identity design online. This process examines how native English speakers intermix local and global resources in strategic ways in a process the author has termed glocal appropriation. The chapter reviews the growing body of research on English Language Learners who utilize local and global resources to construct hybrid identities, which in turn allow for participation in English language literacy practices. To shift the focus to native English speakers, she presents a case study of one native English speaker’s use of local and global resources to design an online identity. She argues that through the hybrid identity practice of glocal appropriation, he is able to design new imaginaries of self, which promotes continued participation and, in turn, allows for literacy learning and spaces of civic pluralism.


Author(s):  
Rachel M. Rufenacht ◽  
Philip M. McCarthy ◽  
Travis Lamkin

This chapter describes a study that investigates the potential value of using traditional fairy tales as reading material for English language learners (ELL). Using the computational textual analysis software, the Gramulator, the authors analyzed the linguistic features of fairy tales relative to a corpus of ELL reading material and a corpus of baseline educational texts for native English speakers. The results of the analyses suggest that there are significant similarities between fairy tales and ESL texts, but differences lie in the content of the text types, with fairy tales appearing significantly more narrative in style and ESL texts appearing more expository. The study has important implications for educators and materials developers in the field of English as a Second Language.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-90
Author(s):  
Ana Vintan ◽  
Tiffany L. Gallagher

The purpose of this study was to explore current practices of collaboration between English as a second language (ESL) and elementary classroom teachers and provide evidence-based recommendations on how to enhance collaborative professional relationships that support the instruction of English Language Learners (ELLs). A qualitative research methodology was employed to explore current practices as well as educational resources used by four ESL teachers as they worked to foster collaborative relationships with classroom teachers. Data collection methods included (a) interviews with ESL teachers reflecting on their beliefs and practices, (b) structured observations of ESL and elementary teachers in classrooms, and (c) analysis of professional planning artifacts (e.g., daybook plans, lesson plans, professional readings, and instructional resources) to document participants’ practices in ESL education. Findings revealed that ESL teachers negotiated collaboration based on a desire to work together and a belief that a cohesive educator team is important in ESL education, however, these ESL teachers encountered barriers such as a lack of training, technology, and tools to facilitate collaboration and limited time to do so. This resulted in limited and informal, surface-level collaboration. Implications of the findings relating to best collaborative practices are discussed. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer les pratiques de collaboration actuelles entre les professeurs d’anglais langue seconde (ESL) et les enseignantes et enseignants au primaire et de fournir des recommandations concernant la façon d’améliorer les relations de collaboration professionnelle en soutien de l’enseignement aux apprenantes et apprenants de la langue anglaise (ELLs). Une méthodologie de recherche qualitative a été employée pour explorer les pratiques actuelles et les ressources didactiques utilisées par quatre professeurs d’anglais langue seconde (ESL) dans un effort pour encourager les relations de collaboration avec des professeurs de classe. Les méthodes de collecte de données ont notamment été (a) des entrevues avec des professeurs d’anglais langue seconde exprimant leurs croyances et décrivant leurs pratiques, (b) des observations structurées de professeurs d’anglais langue seconde et d’enseignantes en enseignants au primaire en classe et (c) l’analyse d’objets de planification professionnelle (par ex. journaux, plans de cours, ouvrages professionnels et matériel didactique) afin de documenter les pratiques des participants en matière d’enseignement de l’anglais langue seconde. Les conclusions ont révélé que les professeurs d’anglais langue seconde négociaient la collaboration en fonction d’une volonté de travailler ensemble et d’une croyance voulant qu’une équipe pédagogique unie soit importante pour l’enseignement de l’anglais langue seconde, mais en se heurtant toutefois à des obstacles tels que le manque de formation, de technologie et d’outils pour faciliter la collaboration ainsi que le peu de temps disponible pour y arriver. Le tout a produit une collaboration limitée, informelle et superficielle. Les implications des constatations relatives aux meilleures pratiques de collaboration font l’objet d’une discussion. 


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