scholarly journals Computational Model of the Influence of an 835 MHz Patch Antenna Distance on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and Temperature Change in the Human Head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Green
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Microstrip Patch

Human exposure to mobile phone radio frequency (RF) radiation has caused public concern for human health. Mobile phone RF exposure depends on many different parameters. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of both the RF source distance from a human head and of output power levels on the temperature change and the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the head. The peak spatially-averaged SAR over 1 g of tissue is also identified to compare the study results to Health Canada’s Safety Code 6 exposure limits. The SAR and temperature change in the head are simulated in this study using a Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) head model with heterogeneous dielectric properties and a microstrip patch antenna operating at a frequency of 835 MHz. The microstrip patch antenna distance from the head is varied from 0-15mm and it is operated at three different time-averaged output power levels. The simulation is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software and is solved with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. The results show that both SAR and temperature change in the head model increase as the distance between the head model and the patch antenna decreases. The peak spatially-averaged SAR over 1 g of tissue is found to triple as the phone moves from 4mm from the head to 0mm from the head. The results from this study indicate that to mitigate possible health risks from RF radiation mobile phones should be kept at least 4mm from the head.

scholarly journals EBG Based Microstrip Patch Antenna for Brain Tumor Detection via Scattering Parameters in Microwave Imaging System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reefat Inum ◽  
Md. Masud Rana ◽  
Kamrun Nahar Shushama ◽  
Md. Anwarul Quader
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Microstrip Patch

A microwave brain imaging system model is envisaged to detect and visualize tumor inside the human brain. A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is used in the imaging technique to transmit equivalent signal and receive backscattering signal from the stratified human head model. Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is incorporated on the antenna ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular and circular EBG structures are proposed to investigate the antenna performance. Incorporation of circular EBG on the antenna ground plane provides an improvement of 22.77% in return loss, 5.84% in impedance bandwidth, and 16.53% in antenna gain with respect to the patch antenna with rectangular EBG. The simulation results obtained from CST are compared to those obtained from HFSS to validate the design. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the modeled head tissue for the proposed antenna is determined. Different SAR values are compared with the established standard SAR limit to provide a safety regulation of the imaging system. A monostatic radar-based confocal microwave imaging algorithm is applied to generate the image of tumor inside a six-layer human head phantom model. S-parameter signals obtained from circular EBG loaded patch antenna in different scanning modes are utilized in the imaging algorithm to effectively produce a high-resolution image which reliably indicates the presence of tumor inside human brain.

Numerical Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate and Heat Transfer in Human Head Subjected to Mobile Phone Radiation: Effects of User Age and Radiated Power

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerapot Wessapan ◽  
Phadungsak Rattanadecho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

The human head is one of the most sensitive parts of the human entire body when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. This electromagnetic radiation interacts with the human head and may lead to detrimental effects on human health. However, the resulting thermophysiologic response of the human head is not well understood. In order to gain insight into the phenomena occurring within the human head with temperature distribution induced by electromagnetic field, a detailed knowledge of absorbed power distribution as well as temperature distribution is necessary. This study presents a numerical analysis of specific absorption rate and heat transfer in the heterogeneous human head model exposed to mobile phone radiation. In the heterogeneous human head model, the effects of user age and radiated power on distributions of specific absorption rate and temperature profile within the human head are systematically investigated. This study focuses attention on organs in the human head in order to investigate the effects of mobile phone radiation on the human head. The specific absorption rate and the temperature distribution obtained by numerical solution of electromagnetic wave propagation and unsteady bioheat transfer equation in various tissues in the human head during exposure to mobile phone radiation are presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate on Six Layer Human Head Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Swaminathan ◽  
Ramprakash A ◽  
Dhejonithan K
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

Despite numerous advantages, mobile phones cause serious health issues to people due to electromagnetic radiation. Various head models already exist to study the impact of radiation on a human head. The accuracy of the measurement of power absorbed by different layers of a head should be high. A new head model with six layers is proposed in this paper. Parameters such as dielectric constant, conductivity and mass density of different tissue layers skin, fat, bone, Dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain are extracted from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) database. To study the impact of radiation in the proposed model, standard planar inverted F-antennas (PIFA) capable to radiate at 1.7 GHz and 2.4 GHz are used. Simulations are performed using ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite. The analysis shows that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the brain layer decreased in the proposed model when compared to the existing model.

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