Sivas- Koyulhisar Orman (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky.) Toprakları ile Tarım Topraklarının Karbon Mineralizasyonu Yönünden Karşılaştırılması

In this study, the dynamism of forest areas was tried to be determined by determining the ecological differences between the areas where Fagus orientalis Lipsky. (Eastern beech, Fagaceae), a very important species for forestry in Turkey, and the soils of agricultural fields. lime %, total salt %, pH, texture, field capacity %, C%, N%, C/N ratios, 30-day carbon mineralization of the lands of Eastern beech forests and agricultural fields, which are naturally formed in Sivas province Koyulhisar district, under controlled conditions (28°C, 80 humidity %) was determined by the respiration method, and two areas in two different ecosystems were compared. When the carbon mineralizations of eastern beech soils were examined seasonally, it was determined as 19.54>18.23>17.87>17.18 mg C(CO2)/100g DS/30 day in spring>autumn>summer>winter seasons, while it was determined as 14.46>13.87>13.68>13.65 mg C(CO2)/100g DS/30 day in autumn>summer>spring>winter seasons in agricultural soils, respectively. Significant relationships were found between the C%, N%, 30-day carbon mineralization cumulative values and % carbon mineralization rates between both areas.

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Effect of Invasive Rhododendron ponticum L. on Natural Regeneration and Structure of Fagus orientalis Lipsky Forests in the Black Sea Region

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11050603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Zdeněk Vacek ◽

Stanislav Vacek ◽

Derya Eşen ◽

Oktay Yildiz ◽

Jan Král ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Study Region ◽

Fagus Orientalis ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Rhododendron Ponticum ◽

Tree Layer ◽

Fagus Orientalis Lipsky

Biological invasions threaten global biodiversity and forest ecosystems; therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies for combating the spread of invasive species. Natural regeneration of eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is considerably limited by an aggressive invasive shrub, pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.), in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Therefore, the future character of the region’s forests is uncertain. The aim of this research was to evaluate the structure of beech forests with different management regimes of rhododedron and to determine the interaction among tree layer, rhododendron cover, and natural regeneration in Düzce Province using the FieldMap technology. The following variants of forests were compared: without intervention (control) and three and six years after rhododendron clearance. The results showed that tree density ranged between 175–381 trees ha−1 and stand volume between 331–589 m3 ha−1. The horizontal structure of the tree layer was mostly random, and the spatial pattern of natural regeneration was aggregated. Recruit density and height in the beech stands were significantly differentiated due to the influence of presence or absence of invasive rhododendron. Rhododendron cover ranged between 81%–97%, and woody stems amounted to 72,178–86,884 ha−1 in unmanaged forests. Canopy in the overstory did not have a significant effect on the density of regeneration and rhododendron cover. Tree layer had a significant negative influence on natural regeneration within a 4 m radius on the plots without rhododendron. However, on the plots with dense rhododendron cover, tree layer had a positive influence on regeneration within a 1.5 m radius. Natural regeneration density was significantly higher when rhododendron was cleared than the plots without intervention. On the plots without woody clearance, there was an insufficient regeneration (113–619 recruits ha−1); however, they had higher mean height compared to the sites without rhododendron. After three and six years of rhododendron clearance, the numbers of recruits in natural regeneration were 63,981 ha−1 and 105,075 ha−1, respectively. In conclusion, invasive spread of rhododendron was a limiting factor of the prosperous regeneration and tree species diversity, and manual clearance of rhododendron is recommended in managed beech forests of the study region.

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Soil and site factors influencing purple-flowered rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) and eastern beech forests (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Turkey

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.052 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 203 (1-3) ◽

pp. 229-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Derya Eşen ◽

Shepard M. Zedaker ◽

Jeffrey L. Kirwan ◽

Paul Mou

Keyword(s):

Beech Forests ◽

Site Factors ◽

Fagus Orientalis ◽

Rhododendron Ponticum ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Fagus Orientalis Lipsky

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A Compact Weighing Lysimeter to Estimate the Water Infiltration Rate in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Laura Ávila-Dávila ◽

Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽

Carlos Francisco Bautista-Capetillo ◽

Julián González-Trinidad ◽

Hugo Enrique Júnez-Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Mass Conservation ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Vertical Movement ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Silty Loam ◽

Rain Events ◽

Weighing Lysimeter

Infiltration estimation is made by tests such as concentric cylinders, which are prone to errors, such as the lateral movement under the ring. Several possibilities have been developed over the last decades to compensate these errors, which are based on physical, electronic, and mathematical principles. In this research, two approaches are proposed to measure the water infiltration rate in a silty loam soil by means of the mass values of a lysimeter weighing under rainfall conditions and different moisture contents. Based on the fact that with the lysimeter it is possible to determine acting soil flows very precisely, then with the help of mass conservation and assuming a downward vertical movement, 12 rain events were analyzed. In addition, it was possible to monitor the behavior of soil moisture and to establish the content at field capacity from the values of the weighing lysimeter, from which both approach are based. The infiltration rate of these events showed a variable rate at the beginning of the rainfall until reaching a maximum, to descend to a stable or basic rate. This basic infiltration rate was 1.49 ± 0.36 mm/h, and this is because soils with fine textures have reported low infiltration capacity. Four empirical or semi-empirical models of infiltration were calibrated with the values obtained with our approaches, showing a better fit with the Horton’s model.

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