scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental disorder in dsm-5 from manual to clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Turki Homod Albatti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Intellectual Developmental Disorder

The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) has a number of changes to what used to be disorders first diagnosed in childhood or infancy. This lecture outlines some of the major changes to these   conditions. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the publisher of the DSM-5, this chapter from the DSM-IV has been superseded by a new chapter entitled, ‘Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ The new chapter includes intellectual  disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder), communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Specific learning disorder and motor disorders. The Neurodevelopmental Disorders section replaces the   outmoded term mental retardation with intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) and defines levels of severity based on adaptive functioning and not IQ scores. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is newly placed in the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section in DSM-5, whereas it was classified with disruptive behavior disorders in DSMIV. The biggest change in the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section in DSM-5 is the creation of a new category, Autism Spectrum Disorder, along with the elimination of the DSMIV diagnostic  category Pervasive Developmental Disorder and its subgroupings. ASD is characterized by deficits in two core domains instead of three as in DSMIV. other changes will be explain.

scholarly journals Association of maternal diabetes with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyun Chen ◽  
Sixian Zhao ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Håkan Karlsson ◽  
Renee Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background Maternal diabetes has been associated with a risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring, though the common co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability (ID) is rarely considered, nor is the potential for confounding by shared familial factors (e.g. genetics). Methods This population-based cohort study used data from Psychiatry Sweden, a linkage of Swedish national registers, to follow 2 369 680 individuals born from 1987 to 2010. We used population-averaged logit models to examine the association between exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), pre-gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and odds of NDDs in offspring. Subgroup analysis was then performed to investigate the timings of GDM diagnosis during pregnancy and its effect on the odds of NDDs in offspring. We compared these results to models considering paternal lifetime T1DM and T2DM as exposures. Results Overall, 45 678 individuals (1.93%) were diagnosed with ASD, 20 823 (0.88%) with ID and 102 018 (4.31%) with ADHD. All types of maternal diabetes were associated with odds of NDDs, with T2DM most strongly associated with any diagnosis of ASD (odds ratioadjusted 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.84), ID (2.09, 1.53–2.87) and ADHD (1.43, 1.16–1.77). Considering common co-morbid groups, the associations were strongest between maternal diabetes and diagnostic combinations that included ID. Paternal T1DM and T2DM diagnoses were also associated with offspring NDDs, but these associations were weaker than those with maternal diabetes. Diagnosis of GDM between 27 and 30 weeks of gestation was generally associated with the greatest risk of NDDs in offspring, with the strongest associations for outcomes that included ID. Conclusion The association of maternal diabetes with NDDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID. Results of paternal-comparison studies suggest that the above associations are likely to be partly confounded by shared familial factors, such as genetic liability.

scholarly journals Advances in understanding – genetic basis of intellectual disability

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Chiurazzi ◽  
Filomena Pirozzi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Malformation Syndrome ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder characterized by a congenital limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It often co-occurs with other mental conditions like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, and can be part of a malformation syndrome that affects other organs. Considering the heterogeneity of its causes (environmental and genetic), its frequency worldwide varies greatly. This review focuses on known genes underlying (syndromic and non-syndromic) intellectual disability, it provides a succinct analysis of their Gene Ontology, and it suggests the use of transcriptional profiling for the prioritization of candidate genes.

scholarly journals 0757 Increasing Number of Cases Who Had Both Hypersomnolence Disorders and Developmental Disorders With Orexin Measurements

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A288-A288
Author(s):  
A Imanishi ◽  
K Yoshizawa ◽  
K Tsutsui ◽  
Y Omori ◽  
T Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Recently, attention has been paid to the relationship between developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and sleep disorders. We meet many developmental disorder patients who complaint hypersomnolence. Among these patients, cases with coexistence of central hypersomnia and developmental disorders, or developmental disorder alone were increased. Therefore, we first investigated patients with the complaint of hypersomnolence, who were also suspected developmental disorders. Furthermore, we have been measuring CSF orexin in 17 cases suspected of both disorders to investigate orexin levels of these patients. Methods 86patients who complained of EDS with suspicion of developmental disorders had been examined. In order to diagnose hypersomnolence disorders, PSG and MSLT were performed. Psychological examinations were performed for diagnosing developmental disorders.We have been measuring for CSF orexin in 17 cases suspected both hypersomnolence and developmental disorders. We examined the onset of hypersomnolence and the clinical history of these ADHD or ASD cases for more details. Results In 86 examined cases, developmental disorders coexisted in 30 cases. Among 30 cases, ADHD were 18, ASD were 6 and both diagnosed were 6 cases. Among them, 20 cases diagnosed as having coexistence of hypersomnia (8: narcolepsy, 12: IHS) and developmental disorders (ADHD:12, ASD:4, ADHD/ASD:4). In 17 cases with orexin measurements, 10 cases coexisted ADHD and 4 cases coexisted ASD. Two cases diagnosed as both ADHD and ASD. In 10 ADHD cases, 3 cases had low orexin levels, and 7 cases had normal orexin levels. Other 7 ASD cases had normal orexin levels. Conclusion ADHD has a higher rate of central hypersomnia (12/18) compared with ASD and the rate of narcolepsy was also high (5/12). While patients in ASD was diagnosed as IHS (3/6), narcolepsy cases were not observed. It became clear that the majority of patients had developmental disorder or had a tendency for developmental disorder before the onset of hypersomnolence.Although it is possible that ADHD/ASD symptoms may be exacerbated by orexin dysfunctions, ADHD/ASD may not newly occur. There were cases with low orexin levels, but it seems that narcolepsy happened to coexist with developmental disorders. Support a

scholarly journals Disruption of RFX family transcription factors causes autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and dysregulated behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Harris ◽  
Tojo Nakayama ◽  
Jenny Lai ◽  
Boxun Zhao ◽  
Nikoleta Argyrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Purpose: We describe a novel neurobehavioral syndrome of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with de novo or inherited deleterious variants in members of the RFX family of genes. RFX genes are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that act as master regulators of central nervous system development and ciliogenesis. Methods: We assembled a cohort of 36 individuals (from 31 unrelated families) with de novo mutations in RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7. We describe their common clinical phenotypes and present bioinformatic analyses of expression patterns and downstream targets of these genes as they relate to other neurodevelopmental risk genes. Results: These individuals share neurobehavioral features including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. Conclusion: These results establish deleterious variation in RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 as important causes of monogenic intellectual disability, ADHD and ASD, and position these genes as potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Lessons learned: Engaging culturally diverse families in neurodevelopmental disorders intervention research

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B Ratto ◽  
Bruno J Anthony ◽  
Cara Pugliese ◽  
Rocio Mendez ◽  
Jonathan Safer-Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Low-income and ethnic minority families continue to face critical disparities in access to diagnostic and treatment services for neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite the growing cultural diversity of the United States, ethnic minority children and families continue to be substantially underrepresented across research on neurodevelopmental disorders, and there is a particularly concerning lack of research on the treatment of these conditions in low-income and ethnic minority communities. Of note, there are currently no published studies on adapting autism spectrum disorder treatment for low-income Latino communities and relatively few studies documenting adapted treatments for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in these communities. This article describes methodological considerations and adaptations made to research procedures using a Diffusion of Innovation framework in order to effectively recruit and engage low-income, ethnic minority, particularly Latino, families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, in a comparative effectiveness trial of two school-based interventions for executive dysfunction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document